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Electron transfer pathway

From Bioblast
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high-resolution terminology - matching measurements at high-resolution


Electron transfer pathway

Description

In the mitochondrial electron transfer pathway (ET pathway) electrons are transferred from externally supplied reduced fuel substrates to oxygen. Based on this experimentally oriented definition (see ET capacity), the ET pathway consists of (1) the membrane-bound ET pathway with respiratory complexes located in the inner mt-membrane, (2) TCA cycle and other mt-matrix dehydrogenases generating NADH and succinate, and (3) the carriers involved in metabolite transport across the mt-membranes. ยป MiPNet article

Abbreviation: ET pathway

Reference: Gnaiger 2009 Int J Biochem Cell Biol, Gnaiger 2020 BEC MitoPathways

Electron transfer pathway versus electron transport chain

Publications in the MiPMap
Gnaiger E (2017) Electron transfer pathway versus electron transport chain. Mitochondr Physiol Network (2010-08-17) last update 2020-06-02.


Oroboros (2020) MiPNet

Abstract: Conventionally, the 'electron transport chain' has been considered as the sequence of membrane-bound respiratory complexes, mainly CI and CII feeding electrons into the Q-junction, and CIII and CIV linked by cytochrome c. Emphasis on the term electron transfer pathway (Gnaiger 2020 BEC MitoPathways) clarifies (1) the convergent structure of the mitochondrial pathways, (2) the upstream modules of electron transfer from externally supplied fuel substrates, transport into the matrix space, and matrix dehydrogenases, including the TCA cycle and the N-junction.


โ€ข O2k-Network Lab: AT Innsbruck Gnaiger E

Q-junction
The well established terms 'respiratory chain' or 'electron transfer chain' suggest erroneously that the convergent electron transfer pathway may be designed as a simple chain. But the term electron transport chain (or electron transfer chain, ETC) is a misnomer. Understanding mitochondrial respiratory control has suffered greatly from this inappropriate terminology, although textbooks using the term ETC (Lehninger 1970) make it sufficiently clear that electron transfer is not arranged as a chain: the โ€žETCโ€Ÿ is in fact not a simple chain but an arrangement of electron transfer complexes in a non-linear, convergent electron transfer pathway. The classically introduced term Electron transfer pathway (Hatefi et al 1962) is more accurate. Since the enzyme-catalyzed steps form a metabolic pathway, the term electron transfer pathway is accurate and sufficient (IUB 1991).
The established convention of defining the 'electron transport chain' as being comprised of four Complexes has conceptual weaknesses.
(a) In fact, there are more than six Complexes of mitochondrial electron transfer (not including Complex V, which is not part of the ET pathway): CI to CIV, and additional respiratory complexes linked to pathways converging at the Q-junction (see ยปElectron transfer pathway state).
(b) The term โ€žchainโ€Ÿ suggests a linear sequence, whereas the functional structure of the electron transfer pathway can only be understood by recognizing the convergence of electron flow at the Q-junction, followed by a chain of Complexes III and IV, mediated by cytochrome c (Gnaiger 2014). Electrons flow to oxygen from either Complex I with a total of three coupling sites, or from Complex II and other flavoproteins, providing multiple entries into the Q-junction with two coupling sites downstream (Gnaiger 2014).


Electron transfer versus transport

Electron transfer and electron transport are used synonymously. A general distinction, however, is helpful:
(i) Transfer (inter- or intramolecular) of a reactant involves a chemical reaction.
(ii) Transport (from one location to another) of an entity is a (vectorial) process in contrast to a chemical reaction (IUPAC Green Book).


Related MitoPedia pages

  • Electron transfer pathway, ET pathway
ยป Electron transfer pathway
ยป Q-junction
  • ET-pathway states
ยป ET-pathway state
  • Coupling-control state E
E.jpg ET capacity
ยป Noncoupled respiration
ยป Is respiration uncoupled - noncoupled - dyscoupled?

References

Bioblast linkReferenceYear
Gnaiger E (2009) Capacity of oxidative phosphorylation in human skeletal muscle. New perspectives of mitochondrial physiology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.2009.03.0132009
Gnaiger E (2020) Mitochondrial pathways and respiratory control. An introduction to OXPHOS analysis. 5th ed. Bioenerg Commun 2020.2. https://doi.org/10.26124/bec:2020-00022020
Gnaiger E et al โ€• MitoEAGLE Task Group (2020) Mitochondrial physiology. Bioenerg Commun 2020.1. https://doi.org/10.26124/bec:2020-0001.v12020
Hatefi Y, Haavik AG, Fowler LR, Griffiths DE (1962) Studies on the electron transfer system XLII. Reconstitution of the electron transfer system. J Biol Chem 237:2661-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(19)73804-61962


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Click to expand or collaps
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Specific
ยป Artefacts by single dose uncoupling
ยป ATP synthase
ยป CCCP
ยป Coupling-control protocol
ยป DNP
ยป Dyscoupled respiration
ยป FCCP
ยป Is respiration uncoupled - noncoupled - dyscoupled?
ยป Noncoupled respiration: Discussion
ยป Uncoupler
ยป Uncoupled respiration - see ยป Noncoupled respiration
ยป Uncoupling proteins
ยป Uncoupling protein 1
ยป Uncoupler titrations - Optimum uncoupler concentration
Respiratory states and control ratios
ยป Biochemical coupling efficiency
ยป Coupling-control state
ยป Electron-transfer-pathway state
ยป Electron-transfer pathway
E.jpg ET capacity
ยป E-L coupling efficiency
ยป Flux control efficiency
ยป Flux control ratio
ยป LEAK-control ratio
ยป LEAK respiration
ยป Noncoupled respiration
ยป OXPHOS
ยป OXPHOS capacity; ยป State 3
ยป OXPHOS-control ratio, P/E ratio
ยป Respiratory acceptor control ratio
ยป ROUTINE-control ratio
ยป ROUTINE respiration
ยป ROUTINE state
ยป State 3u
ยป State 4
ยป Uncoupling-control ratio UCR
General (alphabetical order)
ยป Adenine nucleotide translocase
ยป Adenylates
ยป Electron transfer pathway
ยป Mitochondrial preparations
ยป mt-membrane potential
ยป Oxygen flux
ยป Phosphorylation system
ยป Proton leak
ยป Proton slip
ยป TIP2k
Other keyword lists
ยป Template:Keywords: Force and membrane potential



MitoPedia concepts: MiP concept 


MitoPedia methods: Respirometry 



MitoPedia topics: Enzyme, EAGLE 


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