Leuner 2012 Antioxid Redox Signal
Leuner K, Schuett T, Kurz C, Eckert SH, Schiller C, Occhipinti A, Mai S, Jendrach M, Eckert GP, Kruse SE, Palmiter RD, Brandt U, Droese S, Wittig I, Willem M, Haass C, Reichert AS, Mueller WE (2012) Mitochondrion-derived reactive oxygen species lead to enhanced amyloid beta formation. Antioxid Redox Signal 16:1421-33. |
Leuner K, Schuett T, Kurz C, Eckert SH, Schiller C, Occhipinti A, Mai S, Jendrach M, Eckert GP, Kruse SE, Palmiter RD, Brandt U, Droese S, Wittig I, Willem M, Haass C, Reichert AS, Mueller WE (2012) Antioxid Redox Signal
Abstract: AIMS Intracellular amyloid beta (AΞ²) oligomers and extracellular AΞ² plaques are key players in the progression of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). Still, the molecular signals triggering AΞ² production are largely unclear. We asked whether mitochondrion-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) are sufficient to increase AΞ² generation and thereby initiate a vicious cycle further impairing mitochondrial function.
RESULTS Complex I and III dysfunction was induced in a cell model using the respiratory inhibitors rotenone and antimycin, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction and enhanced ROS levels. Both treatments lead to elevated levels of AΞ². Presence of an antioxidant rescued mitochondrial function and reduced formation of AΞ², demonstrating that the observed effects depended on ROS. Conversely, cells overproducing AΞ² showed impairment of mitochondrial function such as comprised mitochondrial respiration, strongly altered morphology, and reduced intracellular mobility of mitochondria. Again, the capability of these cells to generate AΞ² was partly reduced by an antioxidant, indicating that AΞ² formation was also ROS dependent. Moreover, mice with a genetic defect in complex I, or AD mice treated with a complex I inhibitor, showed enhanced AΞ² levels in vivo.
INNOVATION We show for the first time that mitochondrion-derived ROS are sufficient to trigger AΞ² production in vitro and in vivo.
CONCLUSION Several lines of evidence show that mitochondrion-derived ROS result in enhanced amyloidogenic amyloid precursor protein processing, and that AΞ² itself leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and increased ROS levels. We propose that starting from mitochondrial dysfunction a vicious cycle is triggered that contributes to the pathogenesis of sporadic AD. β’ Keywords: Sporadic Alzheimer's disease, Amyloid beta (AΞ²), AD mice
β’ O2k-Network Lab: NL Nijmegen Brandt U, DE Frankfurt Droese S, DE Frankfurt Mueller WE, DE Frankfurt Eckert GP, DE Giessen Eckert GP
Labels: MiParea: Genetic knockout;overexpression
Pathology: Alzheimer's, Neurodegenerative
Stress:Oxidative stress;RONS
Organism: Mouse
Tissue;cell: Nervous system
Enzyme: Complex I, Complex III