Mioc 2023 Molecules
Mioc M, Mioc A, Racoviceanu R, Ghiulai R, Prodea A, Milan A, Barbu Tudoran L, Oprean C, Ivan V, Θoica C (2023) The antimelanoma biological assessment of triterpenic acid functionalized gold nanoparticles. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28010421 |
Β» Molecules 28:421. PMID: 36615613 Open Access Β»
Mioc Marius, Mioc Alexandra, Racoviceanu Roxana, Ghiulai Roxana, Prodea Alexandra, Milan Andreea, Tudoran Lucian Barbu, Oprean Camelia, Ivan Viviana, Soica Codruta (2023) Molecules
Abstract: One of several promising strategies for increasing the bioavailability and therapeutic potential of high-lipophilic biologically active compounds is gold nanoparticle formulation. The current study describes the synthesis and biological antimelanoma evaluation of three triterpen-functionalized gold nanoparticles, obtained using our previously reported antimelanoma benzotriazole-triterpenic acid esters. Functionalized gold nanoparticle (GNP) formation was validated through UV-VIS and FTIR spectroscopy. The conjugate's cytotoxic effects were investigated using HaCaT healthy keratinocytes and A375 human melanoma cells. On A375 cells, all three conjugates demonstrated dose-dependent cytotoxic activity, but no significant cytotoxic effects were observed on normal HaCaT keratinocytes. GNP-conjugates were found to be more cytotoxic than their parent compounds. After treatment with all three GNP-conjugates, 4,6'-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining revealed morphological changes consistent with apoptosis in A375 melanoma cells. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis revealed that the triterpene-GNP conjugate treated A375 melanoma cells had a fold change increase in Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX) expression and a fold change decrease in B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) expression. In A735 melanoma cells, high-resolution respirometry studies revealed that all three GNP-conjugates act as selective inhibitors of mitochondrial function. Furthermore, by examining the effect on each mitochondrial respiratory rate, the results indicate that all three conjugates are capable of increasing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), an apoptosis trigger in cancer cells. β’ Keywords: Apoptosis, Benzotriazole esters, Betulinic acid, Gold nanoparticles, Melanoma, Oleanolic acid, Ursolic acid β’ Bioblast editor: Plangger M
Labels: MiParea: Respiration, Pharmacology;toxicology
Pathology: Cancer
Organism: Human Tissue;cell: Endothelial;epithelial;mesothelial cell Preparation: Permeabilized cells, Intact cells
Coupling state: LEAK, ROUTINE, OXPHOS, ET
Pathway: N, S, NS, ROX
HRR: Oxygraph-2k
2023-01, O2k-brief