https://wiki.oroboros.at/index.php?title=Bound_energy&feed=atom&action=history
Bound energy - Revision history
2024-03-29T00:45:04Z
Revision history for this page on the wiki
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https://wiki.oroboros.at/index.php?title=Bound_energy&diff=168273&oldid=prev
Gnaiger Erich at 13:05, 31 December 2018
2018-12-31T13:05:13Z
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 13:05, 31 December 2018</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{MitoPedia</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{MitoPedia</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|abbr=''B'' [J]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|abbr=''B'' [J]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|description=The '''bound energy''' change in a closed system is that part of the [[energy]] change that is always bound to an exchange of [[heat]],</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|description=The '''bound energy''' change in a closed system is that part of the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''total'' </ins>[[energy]] change that is always bound to an exchange of [[heat]],</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">∆</del>''B'' = <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">∆</del>''U'' - <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">∆</del>''A'' [Eq. 1]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">d</ins>''B'' = <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">d</ins>''U'' - <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">d</ins>''A'' [Eq. 1]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> ∆''B'' = ∆''H'' - ∆''G'' [Eq. 2]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> ∆''B'' = ∆''H'' - ∆''G'' [Eq. 2]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The ''free'' energy change (Helmoltz or Gibbs; <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">∆</del>''A'' or <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">∆</del>''G'') is the ''total'' energy change (total inner energy or enthalpy, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">∆</del>''U'' or <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">∆</del>''H'') of a system minus the ''bound'' energy change.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The ''free'' energy change (Helmoltz or Gibbs; <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">d</ins>''A'' or <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">d</ins>''G'') is the ''total'' energy change (total inner energy or enthalpy, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">d</ins>''U'' or <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">d</ins>''H'') of a system minus the ''bound'' energy change.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Therefore, if a process occurs at [[equilibrium]], when <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">∆</del>''G'' = 0 (at constant gas pressure), then <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">∆</del>''H'' = <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">∆</del>''B'', and at <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">∆</del><sub>e</sub>''W'' = 0 (<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">∆</del>''H'' = <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">∆</del><sub>e</sub>''Q'' + <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">∆</del><sub>e</sub>''W''; see [[energy]]) we obtain the definition of the bound energy as the heat change taking place in an equilibrium process (eq),</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Therefore, if a process occurs at [[equilibrium]], when <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">d</ins>''G'' = 0 (at constant gas pressure), then <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">d</ins>''H'' = <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">d</ins>''B'', and at <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">d</ins><sub>e</sub>''W'' = 0 (<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">d</ins>''H'' = <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">d</ins><sub>e</sub>''Q'' + <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">d</ins><sub>e</sub>''W''; see [[energy]]) we obtain the definition of the bound energy as the heat change taking place in an equilibrium process (eq),</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">∆</del>''B'' = ''T''<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">∙∆</del>''S'' = <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">∆</del><sub>e</sub>''Q''<sub>eq</sub> [Eq. 3]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">d</ins>''B'' = ''T''<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">∙d</ins>''S'' = <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">d</ins><sub>e</sub>''Q''<sub>eq</sub> [Eq. 3]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|info</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|info</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>}}</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::::::* IUPAC: Helmholtz energy, ''A'' = ''U'' - ''TS'' [J]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::::::* IUPAC: Helmholtz energy, ''A'' = ''U'' - ''TS'' [J]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::::::* http://www.eoht.info/page/On+the+Thermodynamics+of+Chemical+Processes 2018-12-27 </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::::::* http://www.eoht.info/page/On+the+Thermodynamics+of+Chemical+Processes 2018-12-27 </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::::* <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Recalling the </del>term ''bound energy'' helps to resolve one of the historic battles in thermodynamics [2]. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::::* <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The </ins>term ''bound energy'' helps to resolve one of the historic battles in thermodynamics [2]. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== References ==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== References ==</div></td></tr>
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Gnaiger Erich
https://wiki.oroboros.at/index.php?title=Bound_energy&diff=168249&oldid=prev
Gnaiger Erich at 17:57, 29 December 2018
2018-12-29T17:57:58Z
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<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 17:57, 29 December 2018</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l9">Line 9:</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The ''free'' energy change (Helmoltz or Gibbs; ∆''A'' or ∆''G'') is the ''total'' energy change (total inner energy or enthalpy, ∆''U'' or ∆''H'') of a system minus the ''bound'' energy change.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The ''free'' energy change (Helmoltz or Gibbs; ∆''A'' or ∆''G'') is the ''total'' energy change (total inner energy or enthalpy, ∆''U'' or ∆''H'') of a system minus the ''bound'' energy change.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Therefore, if a process occurs at [[equilibrium]], when ∆''G'' = 0, then ∆''H'' = ∆''B'', and at ∆<sub>e</sub>''W'' = 0 (∆''H'' = ∆<sub>e</sub>''Q'' + ∆<sub>e</sub>''W''; see [[energy]]) we obtain the definition of the bound energy as the heat change taking place in an equilibrium process (eq),</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Therefore, if a process occurs at [[equilibrium]], when ∆''G'' = 0 <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">(at constant gas pressure)</ins>, then ∆''H'' = ∆''B'', and at ∆<sub>e</sub>''W'' = 0 (∆''H'' = ∆<sub>e</sub>''Q'' + ∆<sub>e</sub>''W''; see [[energy]]) we obtain the definition of the bound energy as the heat change taking place in an equilibrium process (eq),</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> ∆''B'' = ''T''∙∆''S'' = ∆<sub>e</sub>''Q''<sub>eq</sub> [Eq. 3]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> ∆''B'' = ''T''∙∆''S'' = ∆<sub>e</sub>''Q''<sub>eq</sub> [Eq. 3]</div></td></tr>
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Gnaiger Erich
https://wiki.oroboros.at/index.php?title=Bound_energy&diff=168248&oldid=prev
Gnaiger Erich at 17:20, 29 December 2018
2018-12-29T17:20:18Z
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 17:20, 29 December 2018</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1">Line 1:</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{MitoPedia</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{MitoPedia</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|abbr=''B'' [J]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|abbr=''B'' [J]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|description=The '''bound energy''' change in a closed system is that part of the energy change that is always bound to an exchange of heat,</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|description=The '''bound energy''' change in a closed system is that part of the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</ins>energy<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </ins>change that is always bound to an exchange of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</ins>heat<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</ins>,</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> ∆''B'' = ∆''U'' - ∆''A'' [Eq. 1]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> ∆''B'' = ∆''U'' - ∆''A'' [Eq. 1]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l9">Line 9:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 9:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The ''free'' energy change (Helmoltz or Gibbs; ∆''A'' or ∆''G'') is the ''total'' energy change (total inner energy or enthalpy, ∆''U'' or ∆''H'') of a system minus the ''bound'' energy change.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The ''free'' energy change (Helmoltz or Gibbs; ∆''A'' or ∆''G'') is the ''total'' energy change (total inner energy or enthalpy, ∆''U'' or ∆''H'') of a system minus the ''bound'' energy change.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Therefore, if a process occurs at equilibrium, when ∆''G'' = 0, then ∆''H'' = ∆''B'', and at ∆<sub>e</sub>''W'' = 0 (∆''H'' = ∆<sub>e</sub>''Q'' + ∆<sub>e</sub>''W''; see [[energy]]) we obtain the definition of the bound energy as the heat change taking place in an equilibrium process (eq),</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Therefore, if a process occurs at <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</ins>equilibrium<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</ins>, when ∆''G'' = 0, then ∆''H'' = ∆''B'', and at ∆<sub>e</sub>''W'' = 0 (∆''H'' = ∆<sub>e</sub>''Q'' + ∆<sub>e</sub>''W''; see [[energy]]) we obtain the definition of the bound energy as the heat change taking place in an equilibrium process (eq),</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> ∆''B'' = ''T''∙∆''S'' = ∆<sub>e</sub>''Q''<sub>eq</sub> [Eq. 3]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> ∆''B'' = ''T''∙∆''S'' = ∆<sub>e</sub>''Q''<sub>eq</sub> [Eq. 3]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|info<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">=</del>== History ==</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|info</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">}}</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== History ==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::::* From [[Kubo 1976 North-Holland]]: "Free energy" is due to H. van Helmholtz (1882), and means that part of the internal energy that can be converted into work, as seen in the equation d''F'' = d''A'' for an isothermal quasi-static process. It was customary to call the remaining part, ''T''d''S'', of the internal energy, d''U'' = d''F''+''T''d''S'', the ''gebundene Energie'' (bound energy), but this is not so common now. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::::* From [[Kubo 1976 North-Holland]]: "Free energy" is due to H. van Helmholtz (1882), and means that part of the internal energy that can be converted into work, as seen in the equation d''F'' = d''A'' for an isothermal quasi-static process. It was customary to call the remaining part, ''T''d''S'', of the internal energy, d''U'' = d''F''+''T''d''S'', the ''gebundene Energie'' (bound energy), but this is not so common now. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::::::* IUPAC: Helmholtz energy, ''A'' = ''U'' - ''TS'' [J]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::::::* IUPAC: Helmholtz energy, ''A'' = ''U'' - ''TS'' [J]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::::::* http://www.eoht.info/page/On+the+Thermodynamics+of+Chemical+Processes 2018-12-27 </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::::::* http://www.eoht.info/page/On+the+Thermodynamics+of+Chemical+Processes 2018-12-27 </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::::* Recalling the term ''bound energy'' <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">may </del>resolve one of the historic battles in thermodynamics [2]. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::::* Recalling the term ''bound energy'' <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">helps to </ins>resolve one of the historic battles in thermodynamics [2]. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== References ==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== References ==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l22">Line 22:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 24:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>:::# Kubo R (1976) Thermodynamics. An advanced course with problems and solutions. North-Holland Amsterdam, New York. - </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>:::# Kubo R (1976) Thermodynamics. An advanced course with problems and solutions. North-Holland Amsterdam, New York. - </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>:::# Gnaiger E (1994) Negative entropy for living systems: controversy between Nobel Laureates Schrödinger, Pauling and Perutz. In: What is Controlling Life? (Gnaiger E, Gellerich FN, Wyss M, eds) Modern Trends in BioThermoKinetics 3. Innsbruck Univ Press: 62-70. - [[Gnaiger 1994 BTK-62 |»Bioblast link«]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>:::# Gnaiger E (1994) Negative entropy for living systems: controversy between Nobel Laureates Schrödinger, Pauling and Perutz. In: What is Controlling Life? (Gnaiger E, Gellerich FN, Wyss M, eds) Modern Trends in BioThermoKinetics 3. Innsbruck Univ Press: 62-70. - [[Gnaiger 1994 BTK-62 |»Bioblast link«]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">}}</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{MitoPedia concepts</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{MitoPedia concepts</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|mitopedia concept=Ergodynamics</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|mitopedia concept=Ergodynamics</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{MitoPedia methods}}</del></div></td><td colspan="2"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{MitoPedia O2k and high-resolution respirometry}}</del></div></td><td colspan="2"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{MitoPedia topics}}</del></div></td><td colspan="2"></td></tr>
</table>
Gnaiger Erich
https://wiki.oroboros.at/index.php?title=Bound_energy&diff=168247&oldid=prev
Gnaiger Erich: Created page with "{{MitoPedia |abbr=''B'' [J] |description=The '''bound energy''' change in a closed system is that part of the energy change that is always bound to an exchange of heat,..."
2018-12-29T17:16:29Z
<p>Created page with "{{MitoPedia |abbr=''B'' [J] |description=The '''bound energy''' change in a closed system is that part of the energy change that is always bound to an exchange of heat,..."</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{MitoPedia<br />
|abbr=''B'' [J]<br />
|description=The '''bound energy''' change in a closed system is that part of the energy change that is always bound to an exchange of heat,<br />
<br />
∆''B'' = ∆''U'' - ∆''A'' [Eq. 1]<br />
<br />
∆''B'' = ∆''H'' - ∆''G'' [Eq. 2]<br />
<br />
The ''free'' energy change (Helmoltz or Gibbs; ∆''A'' or ∆''G'') is the ''total'' energy change (total inner energy or enthalpy, ∆''U'' or ∆''H'') of a system minus the ''bound'' energy change.<br />
<br />
Therefore, if a process occurs at equilibrium, when ∆''G'' = 0, then ∆''H'' = ∆''B'', and at ∆<sub>e</sub>''W'' = 0 (∆''H'' = ∆<sub>e</sub>''Q'' + ∆<sub>e</sub>''W''; see [[energy]]) we obtain the definition of the bound energy as the heat change taking place in an equilibrium process (eq),<br />
<br />
∆''B'' = ''T''∙∆''S'' = ∆<sub>e</sub>''Q''<sub>eq</sub> [Eq. 3]<br />
|info=== History ==<br />
::::* From [[Kubo 1976 North-Holland]]: "Free energy" is due to H. van Helmholtz (1882), and means that part of the internal energy that can be converted into work, as seen in the equation d''F'' = d''A'' for an isothermal quasi-static process. It was customary to call the remaining part, ''T''d''S'', of the internal energy, d''U'' = d''F''+''T''d''S'', the ''gebundene Energie'' (bound energy), but this is not so common now. <br />
::::::* IUPAC: Helmholtz energy, ''A'' = ''U'' - ''TS'' [J]<br />
::::::* http://www.eoht.info/page/On+the+Thermodynamics+of+Chemical+Processes 2018-12-27 <br />
::::* Recalling the term ''bound energy'' may resolve one of the historic battles in thermodynamics [2]. <br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
:::# Kubo R (1976) Thermodynamics. An advanced course with problems and solutions. North-Holland Amsterdam, New York. - <br />
:::# Gnaiger E (1994) Negative entropy for living systems: controversy between Nobel Laureates Schrödinger, Pauling and Perutz. In: What is Controlling Life? (Gnaiger E, Gellerich FN, Wyss M, eds) Modern Trends in BioThermoKinetics 3. Innsbruck Univ Press: 62-70. - [[Gnaiger 1994 BTK-62 |»Bioblast link«]]<br />
}}<br />
{{MitoPedia concepts<br />
|mitopedia concept=Ergodynamics<br />
}}<br />
{{MitoPedia methods}}<br />
{{MitoPedia O2k and high-resolution respirometry}}<br />
{{MitoPedia topics}}</div>
Gnaiger Erich