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Difference between revisions of "Carboxyatractyloside"

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{{MitoPedia
{{MitoPedia
|abbr=Cat
|abbr=CAT
|description='''Carboxyatractyloside''', Cat, is a highly selective and potent inhibitor of the [[adenine nucleotide translocator]] (ANT). Cat stabilizes the nucleoside binding site of ANT on the cytoplasmic (positive) side of the inner membrane and blocks the exchange of matrix ATP and cytoplasmic ADP. It causes stabilization of the ''c'' conformation of  ANT leading to permeability transition pore (PTP) opening, loss of  mitochondrial membrane potential, and apoptosis.
|description='''Carboxyatractyloside''' CAT is a highly selective and potent inhibitor of the [[adenine nucleotide translocator]] (ANT). CAT stabilizes the nucleoside binding site of ANT on the cytoplasmic (positive) side of the inner membrane and blocks the exchange of matrix ATP and cytoplasmic ADP. It causes stabilization of the ''c'' conformation of  ANT leading to permeability transition pore (PTP) opening, loss of  mitochondrial membrane potential, and apoptosis.
|info=[[MiPNet03.02]]
|info=[[MiPNet03.02]]
}}
}}
__TOC__
__TOC__
== Application in [[HRR]] ==
== Application in [[HRR]] ==
{{Chemical_description
|abbr=CAT
|trivial name=Carboxyatractyloside
|complete name=carboxyatractyloside potassium salt from ''Xanthium sibiricum''
|chem formula=C<sub>31</sub>H<sub>46</sub>O<sub>18</sub>S<sub>2</sub>*xK<sup>+</sup>
|molar mass=802.99
|vendor=Sigma-Aldrich
|product number=C4992
|store at=-20 °C
|sensitivity=
|cas=77228-71-8
|h statements=H301, H311, H331
|h info=toxic if swallowed, toxic in contact with skin, toxic if inhaled


::: '''Cat:  Carboxyatractyloside'''  (carboxyatractyloside potassium salt from ''Xanthium sibiricum'',  C<sub>31</sub>H<sub>44</sub>O<sub>18</sub>S<sub>2</sub>*K<sub>x</sub>);  Sigma C 4992,  2 mg, store at -20 °C; FW = 802.99 (free acid basis); '''Alternative source''': Merck 216201-5MG (Calbiochem, Carboxyatractyloside potassium salt from ''Xanthium sibiricum'', C<sub>31</sub>H<sub>43</sub>O<sub>18</sub>S<sub>2</sub>K<sub>3</sub>*3H<sub>2</sub>O), 5 mg, store at -20 °C, FW = 939.1).
}}<!--::: '''CAT:  Carboxyatractyloside'''  (carboxyatractyloside potassium salt from ''Xanthium sibiricum'',  C<sub>31</sub>H<sub>44</sub>O<sub>18</sub>S<sub>2</sub>*K<sub>x</sub>);  Sigma C 4992,  2 mg, store at -20 °C; M = 802.99 g·mol<sup>-1</sup> (free acid basis);-->
:::: Alternative source: Merck 216201-5MG (Calbiochem, Carboxyatractyloside potassium salt from ''Xanthium sibiricum'', C<sub>31</sub>H<sub>43</sub>O<sub>18</sub>S<sub>2</sub>K<sub>3</sub>*3H<sub>2</sub>O), 5 mg, store at -20 °C, M = 939.1 g·mol<sup>-1</sup>.


:::: <span  style="color:#8B008B"> '''Caution:''' Chemicals stored in  the fridge  or freezer should be allowed to reach room temperature  before  opening. '''Very toxic'''!</span>
<!--:::: <span  style="color:#8B008B"> '''Caution:''' Chemicals stored in  the fridge  or freezer should be allowed to reach room temperature  before  opening. '''Very toxic'''!</span>-->
<!--
<!--
:::: '''Preparation of 5 mM stock solution''' (dissolved in H<sub>2</sub>O):  
:::: '''Preparation of 5 mM stock solution''' (dissolved in H<sub>2</sub>O):  
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:::: '''Preparation of 0.5 mM solution''' (dissolved in H<sub>2</sub>O) for '''0.5-mL O2k-chamber''':  
:::: '''Preparation of 0.5 mM solution''' (dissolved in H<sub>2</sub>O) for '''0.5-mL O2k-chamber''':  


::::# Take 50 µL of the 5 mM stock solution.
::::# Take 50 µL of the 2 mM stock solution.
::::# Add 150 µL H<sub>2</sub>O.
::::# Add 150 µL H<sub>2</sub>O.


Line 48: Line 62:




:::: '''Comment:''' Cat is considered to be much more specific than [[atractyloside|Atractyloside]] (Atr), and the effective concentration required is much much lower (µM). With Atr, a very high concentration (mM) is required for full inhibition. Cat appears to be little permeable to intact cells and can thus only be applied in permeabilized cells and tissues or in isolated mitochondria ([[Ruas_2016_PLOS_ONE|Ruas 2016 PLOS_ONE]]).
:::: '''Comment:''' CAT is considered to be much more specific than [[atractyloside|Atractyloside]] (Atr), and the effective concentration required is much much lower (µM). With Atr, a very high concentration (mM) is required for full inhibition. Cat appears to be little permeable to intact cells and can thus only be applied in permeabilized cells and tissues or in isolated mitochondria ([[Ruas_2016_PLOS_ONE|Ruas 2016 PLOS_ONE]]).


  » [[Talk:Carboxyatractyloside]]
  » [[Talk:Carboxyatractyloside]]
{{MitoPedia concepts}}
 
{{MitoPedia methods}}
{{MitoPedia O2k and high-resolution respirometry}}
{{MitoPedia topics
{{MitoPedia topics
|mitopedia topic=Inhibitor
|mitopedia topic=Inhibitor
}}
}}

Revision as of 18:40, 28 November 2021


high-resolution terminology - matching measurements at high-resolution


Carboxyatractyloside

Description

Carboxyatractyloside CAT is a highly selective and potent inhibitor of the adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT). CAT stabilizes the nucleoside binding site of ANT on the cytoplasmic (positive) side of the inner membrane and blocks the exchange of matrix ATP and cytoplasmic ADP. It causes stabilization of the c conformation of ANT leading to permeability transition pore (PTP) opening, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and apoptosis.

Abbreviation: CAT

Reference: MiPNet03.02

Application in HRR

CAT: Carboxyatractyloside (carboxyatractyloside potassium salt from Xanthium sibiricum; C31H46O18S2*xK+), Sigma-Aldrich: C4992, store at -20 °C, CAS: 77228-71-8, M = 802.99 g·mol-1
Hazard statements: H301, H311, H331; toxic if swallowed, toxic in contact with skin, toxic if inhaled
Alternative source: Merck 216201-5MG (Calbiochem, Carboxyatractyloside potassium salt from Xanthium sibiricum, C31H43O18S2K3*3H2O), 5 mg, store at -20 °C, M = 939.1 g·mol-1.


Preparation of 2 mM stock solution (dissolved in H2O) for 2-mL O2k-chamber:
  1. For a vial with 2 mg of carboxyatractyloside: dissolve in 1065 µL H2O.
  2. Divide into 100 µL aliquots.
  3. Store at -20 °C.
» O2k manual titrations  » MiPNet09.12 O2k-Titrations
  • Titration volume (2-mL O2k-chamber): 1-5 µL using a 10 µL Hamilton syringe.
  • Final concentration: 1-5 µM.


Preparation of 0.5 mM solution (dissolved in H2O) for 0.5-mL O2k-chamber:
  1. Take 50 µL of the 2 mM stock solution.
  2. Add 150 µL H2O.
» O2k manual titrations  » MiPNet09.12 O2k-Titrations
  • Titration volume (0.5-mL O2k-chamber): 1-5 µL using a 10 µL Hamilton syringe.
  • Final concentration: 1-5 µM.


Comment: CAT is considered to be much more specific than Atractyloside (Atr), and the effective concentration required is much much lower (µM). With Atr, a very high concentration (mM) is required for full inhibition. Cat appears to be little permeable to intact cells and can thus only be applied in permeabilized cells and tissues or in isolated mitochondria (Ruas 2016 PLOS_ONE).
» Talk:Carboxyatractyloside


MitoPedia topics: Inhibitor