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Difference between revisions of "Carnitine"

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{{MitoPedia
{{MitoPedia
|abbr=
|abbr=Car
|description='''Carnitine''' transports long-chain acyl groups from fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix, so they can be broken down through β-oxidation to acetyl CoA to obtain usable energy via the citric acid cycle.
|description='''Carnitine''' is an important factor for the transport of long-chain fatty acids bound to carnitine ([[carnitine acyltransferase]]) into the mitochondrial matrix for subsequent β-oxidation. There are two enantiomers: D- and L-carnitine. Only the L-isomer is physiologically active.
|type=Substrate ETS
}}
{{MitoPedia methods|type=Substrate ETS
}}
}}
__TOC__
== Application in [[HRR]] ==
{{Chemical_description
|abbr=Car
|trivial name=Carnitine
|complete name=L-Carnitine inner salt
|chem formula=C<sub>7</sub>H<sub>15</sub>NO<sub>3</sub>
|molar mass=161.2
|vendor=Sigma-Aldrich
|product number=C0158
|store at=RT
|sensitivity=
|cas=541-15-1
|h statements=
|h info=
}}<!--::::* Car:  '''L-carnitine:''' Sigma Aldrich; C0158; M = 161.2 g·mol<sup>-1</sup>-->
:::: '''Preparation of 250 mM stock solution''' (dissolved in H<sub>2</sub>O)
::::# Weigh 100 mg of Carnitine.
::::# Add 2.48 mL H<sub>2</sub>O.
::::# Divide into 100 µL portions.
::::# Store frozen at -20°C.
:::» '''O2k manual titrations'''  [[MiPNet09.12 O2k-Titrations]]
::::* Titration volume ('''2-mL O2k-chamber'''): 4 µL using a 10 µL Hamilton syringe.
::::* Titration volume ('''0.5-mL O2k-chamber'''): 1 µL using a 10 µL Hamilton syringe
::::* Final concentration: 0.5 mM.
== Feeding carnitine ==
::::* [[Liu_2002_Proc_Natl_Acad_Sci_U_S_A]]
::::* [[La_Guardia_2013_Front_Physiol]]
::::* [[Morand_2014_Eur_J_Nutr]]
::::* [[Cahova_2014_Appl_Physiol_Nutr_Metab]]
::::* [[Wessels_2015_Am_J_Physiol]]
{{MitoPedia topics
{{MitoPedia topics
|mitopedia topic=Substrate and metabolite
|mitopedia topic=Substrate and metabolite
|type=Substrate ETS
}}
}}
 
{{Labeling
Long-chain fatty acids are activated by an energy-requiring step in which the fatty acid ester of CoA is formed enzymatically at the expense of ATP. The fatty acids then pass through the inner membrane and enter the mitochondria as esters of the compound carnitine. The fatty acyl group is then transferred from carnitine to intramitochondrial CoA and the resulting fatty acyl CoA is then used as a substrate by the fatty acid oxidation cycle, which occurs in the inner matrix compartment.
|additional=MitoPedia:FAT4BRAIN
}}

Latest revision as of 16:39, 18 January 2022


high-resolution terminology - matching measurements at high-resolution


Carnitine

Description

Carnitine is an important factor for the transport of long-chain fatty acids bound to carnitine (carnitine acyltransferase) into the mitochondrial matrix for subsequent β-oxidation. There are two enantiomers: D- and L-carnitine. Only the L-isomer is physiologically active.

Abbreviation: Car

Application in HRR

Car: Carnitine (L-Carnitine inner salt; C7H15NO3), Sigma-Aldrich: C0158, store at RT, CAS: 541-15-1, M = 161.2 g·mol-1


Preparation of 250 mM stock solution (dissolved in H2O)
  1. Weigh 100 mg of Carnitine.
  2. Add 2.48 mL H2O.
  3. Divide into 100 µL portions.
  4. Store frozen at -20°C.
» O2k manual titrations MiPNet09.12 O2k-Titrations
  • Titration volume (2-mL O2k-chamber): 4 µL using a 10 µL Hamilton syringe.
  • Titration volume (0.5-mL O2k-chamber): 1 µL using a 10 µL Hamilton syringe
  • Final concentration: 0.5 mM.


Feeding carnitine


MitoPedia topics: Substrate and metabolite 


Labels:






MitoPedia:FAT4BRAIN