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Cell ergometry

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Cell ergometry

Description

Biochemical cell ergometry aims at measurement of JO2max (compare VO2max or VO2peak in exercise ergometry of humans and animals) of cell respiration linked to phosphorylation of ADP to ATP. The corresponding OXPHOS capacity is based on saturating concentrations of ADP, [ADP]*, and inorganic phosphate, [Pi]*, available to the mitochondria. This is metabolically opposite to uncoupling respiration, which yields ET capacity. The OXPHOS state can be established experimentally by selective permeabilization of cell membranes with maintenance of intact mitochondria, titrations of ADP and Pi to evaluate kinetically saturating conditions, and establishing fuel substrate combinations which reconstitute physiological TCA cycle function. Uncoupler titrations are applied to determine the apparent ET-pathway excess over OXPHOS capacity and to calculate OXPHOS- and ET-coupling efficiency , j≈P and j≈E. These normalized flux ratios are the basis to calculate the ergometric or ergodynamic efficiency, ε = j · f, where f is the normalized force ratio.

» MiPNet article


Reference: Gnaiger 2020 MitoPathways, Oxygen flux

Cell ergometry and OXPHOS

Publications in the MiPMap
Gnaiger E (2015) Cell ergometry and OXPHOS. Mitochondr Physiol Network 2015-01-18.


Oroboros (2015) MiPNet

Abstract: Spiroergometry on the organismic level is compared to cell ergometry as OXPHOS analysis on the cellular level.


O2k-Network Lab: AT Innsbruck Gnaiger E


Cell ergometry.pdf


Figure 1: Coupling-control protocol in the intact cell


Spiroergometry

VO2max or VO2peak in cycle or treadmill spiroergometry is expressed in units of [mL O2·min-1·kg-1] body mass. 1 mL oxygen at STPD is equivalent to 22.392 mmol O2. Therefore, multiply by 1000/(22.392·60)=0.744 to convert VO2max to JO2max expressed in SI units [nmol·s-1·g-1]:
1 mL O2·min-1·kg-1 = 0.744 µmol·s-1·kg-1
VO2max (JO2max) typically declines from 70 to 25 mL O2·min-1·kg-1 (50 to 20 µmol·s-1·kg-1) in the range of healthy trained to obese untrained humans.


Cell ergometry: intact cells

Respiratory coupling states in intact cells

ROUTINE ROUTINE respiration, R = -Rox
Free ROUTINE activity Free ROUTINE activity, ≈R = R-L
ET capacity ET capacity, E = -Rox
Free ET capacity Free ET capacity, ≈E = E-L
Excess E-R capacity Excess E-R capacity, ExR = E-R
LEAK LEAK respiration, L = -Rox
ROX Residual oxygen consumption, ROX (subtracted from apparent fluxes (R´, E´, L´)


Respiratory coupling control ratios in intact cells

L/R coupling control ratio L/R coupling control ratio, L/R
LEAK-control ratio LEAK-control ratio, L/E
ROUTINE-control ratio ROUTINE-control ratio, R/E


Respiratory coupling control factors in intact cells

ROUTINE coupling efficiency ROUTINE coupling efficiency: j≈R = ≈R/R =(R-L)/R = 1-L/R
ET-coupling efficiency ET-coupling efficiency, E-L control factor: j≈E = ≈E/E = (E-L)/E = 1-L/E
Excess E-R capacity factor Excess E-R capacity factor, E-R coupling control factor: jExR = (E-R)/E = 1-R/E
netROUTINE control ratio netROUTINE control ratio, ≈R/E control ratio: ≈R/E = (R-L)/E


Cell ergometry: permeabilized cells

Respiratory coupling states in mt-preparations

OXPHOS OXPHOS capacity, P = -Rox
Free OXPHOS capacity Free OXPHOS capacity, ≈P = P-L
ET capacity ET capacity, E = -Rox
Free ET capacity Free ET capacity, ≈E = E-L
Excess E-P capacity Excess E-P capacity, ExP = E-P
LEAK LEAK respiration, L = -Rox
ROX Residual oxygen consumption, Rox (subtracted from P´, E´, L´)


Respiratory coupling control ratios in mt-preparations

L/P coupling control ratio L/P coupling control ratio: L/P
LEAK-control ratio LEAK-control ratio, L/E
OXPHOS-control ratio OXPHOS-control ratio, P/E


Respiratory coupling control factors in mt-preparations

OXPHOS-coupling efficiency OXPHOS-coupling efficiency, (P-L or ≈P control factor): j≈P = ≈P/P = (P-L)/P = 1-L/P
ET-coupling efficiency ET-coupling efficiency, E-L control factor: j≈E = ≈E/E = (E-L)/E = 1-L/E
Excess E-P capacity factor Excess E-P capacity factor, E-P coupling control factor: jExP = (E-P)/E = 1-P/E
netOXPHOS control ratio netOXPHOS control ratio, ≈P/E control ratio: ≈P/E = (P-L)/E


MitoPedia concepts: MiP concept, Ergodynamics 


MitoPedia methods: Respirometry 


Labels:




Regulation: Coupling efficiency;uncoupling  Coupling state: LEAK, OXPHOS, ET  Pathway: N, S, NS, ROX  HRR: Theory