Difference between revisions of "Entity"

Latest revision as of 11:11, 24 December 2021

high-resolution terminology - matching measurements at high-resolution

Entity

Description

An entity of type X is something that can measured as an extensive quantity or counted as an elementary entity. The term entity with symbol X, therefore, has a general meaning, including but not limited to elementary entities U_X. The distinction can be emphasized by using the term entity-type X, to avoid confusion of an entity X with the more restricted definition of elementary entity U_X as a single countable object or event.

Abbreviation: X

Reference: BEC2020.1 doi10.26124bec2020-0001.v1

Communicated by Gnaiger Erich (2020-05-20) last update 2020-07-11
in: Anastrophe XX Entity X and elementary unit x of X-mass Carol

References

Bioblast link	Reference	Year
Brown 2018 Metrologia	Brown RJC (2018) The evolution of chemical metrology: distinguishing between amount of substance and counting quantities, now and in the future. Metrologia 55:L25. https://doi.org/10.1088/1681-7575/aaace8	2018
Brown 2021 Metrologia	Brown RJC (2021) A metrological approach to quantities that are counted and the unit one. Metrologia 58:035014. https://doi.org/10.1088/1681-7575/abf7a4	2021
Cooper 2012 Synthese	Cooper G, Humphry SM (2012) The ontological distinction between units and entities. Synthese 187:393–401. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-010-9832-1	2012
Gnaiger 2020 BEC MitoPathways	Gnaiger E (2020) Mitochondrial pathways and respiratory control. An introduction to OXPHOS analysis. 5^th ed. Bioenerg Commun 2020.2. https://doi.org/10.26124/bec:2020-0002	2020
Gnaiger 2020 MitoFit x	Gnaiger E (2021) The elementary unit — canonical reviewer's comments on: Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (2019) The International System of Units (SI) 9th ed. https://doi.org/10.26124/mitofit:200004.v2	2021
BEC 2020.1 doi10.26124bec2020-0001.v1	Gnaiger E et al ― MitoEAGLE Task Group (2020) Mitochondrial physiology. Bioenerg Commun 2020.1. https://doi.org/10.26124/bec:2020-0001.v1	2020

MitoPedia concepts: Ergodynamics

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{MitoPedia
-|abbr=''X'' [x]
+|abbr=''X''
-|description='''Entity''' ''X'' is the [[dimension]] C of the [[count]] ''N<sub>X</sub>''. A count is a number of defined elementary entities. A defined elementary entity is a single countable object or single event. ''X'' and ''N<sub>X</sub>'' have the unit [x], and for ''X'' by definition x=1. If an object is defined as a group of particles, then the entity is the single group but not the particle. "An elementary entity may be an atom, a molecule, an ion, an electron, any other particle or specified group of particles" ([[Bureau International des Poids et Mesures 2019 The International System of Units (SI) |Bureau International des Poids et Mesures 2019)]].
+|description=An '''entity''' of type ''X'' is something that can measured as an [[extensive quantity]] or counted as an [[elementary entity]]. The term entity with symbol ''X'', therefore, has a general meaning, including but not limited to elementary entities ''U''<sub>''X''</sub>. The distinction can be emphasized by using the term entity-type ''X'', to avoid confusion of an entity ''X'' with the more restricted definition of elementary entity ''U''<sub>''X''</sub> as a ''single'' countable object or event.
 |info=[[BEC2020.1 doi10.26124bec2020-0001.v1]]
 }}
 __TOC__
-  Communicated by [[Gnaiger Erich]] 2020-05-20
+  Communicated by [[Gnaiger Erich]] (2020-05-20) last update 2020-07-11
-== Biological and chemical entities — and count ==
+ in: Anastrophe ''XX'' [[X-mass Carol#Anastrophe_XX:_Entity_X_and_elementary_unit_x |'''Entity ''X'' and elementary unit x''']] of '''''X''-mass Carol'''
-:::: Countable biological objects are entities. An organism can be defined as an entity and counted, to obtain a count of organisms. This is simple for many but not all types of organisms. Think of counting humans or fish versus corals or multicellular algae. The single cell ce is the entity ''X''=ce of the cell count ''N<sub>X</sub>''=''N''<sub>ce</sub>. A cell count can be obtained for a suspension of cells using a cell counter. If the cell counter detects structurally defined elementary entities as cells, then a homogenate of the same cells does not contain a cell count, but it still contains the equivalent of a previously determined cell count. If the cell count was not determined before homogenization, alternative elementary entities may be defined to obtain a cell count, in which case a particular entity is the marker of a single cell. If the single cell of a particular cell type contains one nucleus, then the single nucleus is a marker of the cell. In principle, the same concept holds for molecules.
-:::: If a molecule is stable under a set of conditions, such as O<sub>2</sub> or C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>12</sub>O<sub>6</sub> at room temperature, then the pair of oxygen atoms or the atomic composition of glucose defines the entity 'oxygen molecule' or 'glucose molecule'. Typically we do not use an oxygen or glucose counter to measure the number of molecules, but charge or mass are markers of the number of molecules using electrochemical or gravimetric methods. The markers thus define the format and units of an entity, and the conversion between different formats is achieved by constants, such as the [[Avogadro constant]], [[elementary charge]], and [[Faraday constant]].
-== Base quantities and count ==
-::::{{Template:Base quantities and count}}
 == References ==
@@ Line 25: / Line 20: @@
 |order=ascending
 }}
-{{Keywords: SI base units}}
 {{MitoPedia concepts
 |mitopedia concept=Ergodynamics
 }}