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Difference between revisions of "Entity"

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{{MitoPedia
{{MitoPedia
|abbr=''X'' [x]
|abbr=''X''
|description=An elementary '''entity''' is a single countable object or single event. A number of defined elementary entities is a [[count]]. "An elementary entity may be an atom, a molecule, an ion, an electron, any other particle or specified group of particles" ([[Bureau International des Poids et Mesures 2019 The International System of Units (SI) |Bureau International des Poids et Mesures 2019)]].
|description=An '''entity''' of type ''X'' is something that can measured as an [[extensive quantity]] or counted as an [[elementary entity]]. The term entity with symbol ''X'', therefore, has a general meaning, including but not limited to elementary entities ''U''<sub>''X''</sub>. The distinction can be emphasized by using the term entity-type ''X'', to avoid confusion of an entity ''X'' with the more restricted definition of elementary entity ''U''<sub>''X''</sub> as a ''single'' countable object or event. Β 


If an object is defined as a group of particles, then the entity is the single group but not the particle. Entity ''X'' is the [[dimension]] X of the [[count]] ''N<sub>X</sub>''. ''X'' and ''N<sub>X</sub>'' have the unit [x], and for ''X'' by definition x=1 ([[BEC 2020.1]]). For a count of x=1, the entity is refered to itself as a count.
|info=[[BEC2020.1 doi10.26124bec2020-0001.v1]]
|info=[[BEC2020.1 doi10.26124bec2020-0001.v1]]
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__TOC__
Β  Communicated by [[Gnaiger Erich]] (2020-05-20) last update 2020-05-30
Β  Communicated by [[Gnaiger Erich]] (2020-05-20) last update 2020-07-11
== Entity and counting unit [x] as a self-referential unit ==
in: Anastrophe ''XX'' [[X-mass Carol#Anastrophe_XX:_Entity_X_and_elementary_unit_x |'''Entity ''X'' and elementary unit x''']] of '''''X''-mass Carol'''
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=== The big box is the system ===
:::: The counting unit [x] is invariable one entity. Define one entity ''X''=U [x] as a Unit-container U of fixed volume ''V''<sub>''N''<sub>U</sub></sub> [LΒ·x<sup>-1</sup>] per containter Unit full of particles E with fixed volume ''V''<sub>''N''<sub>E</sub></sub> [LΒ·x<sup>-1</sup>] per particle E. Add a number ''N''<sub>U</sub> [x] of Unit-containers U into a system (the '''big box''') of volume ''V'' = ''V''<sub>''N''<sub>U</sub></sub>Β·''N''<sub>U</sub> [L]. The Unit-container carries an average number of particles E per Unit-container, ''N''<sub>''N''<sub>E</sub></sub> = ''N''<sub>E</sub>Β·''N''<sub>U</sub><sup>-1</sup> [xΒ·x<sup>-1</sup>=1]. The object (entity) of our study contains ''N''<sub>E</sub>Β·''N''<sub>U</sub><sup>-1</sup> particles per Unit-container, whereas the system in which the objects with the particles E are enclosed contains ''N''<sub>E</sub> = ''N''<sub>U</sub>Β·''N''<sub>''N''<sub>E</sub></sub> [x] particles.
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::::# Note that the entity Unit-container U does not contain a number of entities ''N''<sub>E</sub> of particles E. Only the system contains entities E, which are counted either as Unit-containers U or particles E.
::::# Note that the system does not contain ''N''<sub>U</sub>Β·''N''<sub>E</sub> particles, which would have the dimension X<sup>2</sup> [x<sup>2</sup>]. ''N''<sub>E</sub> [x] is the number of particles contained in the system, whereas ''N''<sub>''N''<sub>E</sub></sub> [xΒ·x<sup>-1</sup>=1] is the number of particles E per entity U.Β  Β 
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=== The entity U is the system ===
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:::: Now we do not care about a big box, we focus strictly on the Unit-container as the system. This means, that the Unit-container U is not an entity ''X'', since the system contains entities ''X''. But if the Unit-container is defined as the system, then the systen cannot (or can?) contain itself: system =U. The system as defined contains a number ''N''<sub>E</sub> of countable objects ''X'', which are the particles E. Then ''X'' = E [x].
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=== The particle E is the system ===
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:::: Now we do not care about a Unit-container, we focus strictly on the particle E as the system. This means, that the particle E is not an entity ''X'', since the system contains ''X''. This self-referential condition is appreciated by the definition that for a count of x=1, the entity is refered to itself as a count.
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== Biological and chemical entities β€” and count ==
:::: Countable biological objects are entities. An organism can be defined as an entity and counted, to obtain a count of organisms. This is simple for many but not all types of organisms. Think of counting humans or fish versus corals or multicellular algae. The single cell ce is the entity ''X''=ce of the cell count ''N<sub>X</sub>''=''N''<sub>ce</sub>. A cell count can be obtained for a suspension of cells using a cell counter. If the cell counter detects structurally defined elementary entities as cells, then a homogenate of the same cells does not contain a cell count, but it still contains the equivalent of a previously determined cell count. If the cell count was not determined before homogenization, alternative elementary entities may be defined to obtain a cell count, in which case a particular entity is the marker of a single cell. If the single cell of a particular cell type contains one nucleus, then the single nucleus is a marker of the cell. In principle, the same concept holds for molecules.
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:::: If a molecule is stable under a set of conditions, such as O<sub>2</sub> or C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>12</sub>O<sub>6</sub> at room temperature, then the pair of oxygen atoms or the atomic composition of glucose defines the entity 'oxygen molecule' or 'glucose molecule'. Typically we do not use an oxygen or glucose counter to measure the number of molecules, but charge or mass are markers of the number of molecules using electrochemical or gravimetric methods. The markers thus define the format and units of an entity, and the conversion between different formats is achieved by constants, such as the [[Avogadro constant]], [[elementary charge]], and [[Faraday constant]].
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== Base quantities and count ==
::::{{Template:Base quantities and count}}


== References ==
== References ==
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{{Keywords: SI base units}}


{{MitoPedia concepts
{{MitoPedia concepts
|mitopedia concept=Ergodynamics
|mitopedia concept=Ergodynamics
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Latest revision as of 10:11, 24 December 2021


high-resolution terminology - matching measurements at high-resolution


Entity

Description

An entity of type X is something that can measured as an extensive quantity or counted as an elementary entity. The term entity with symbol X, therefore, has a general meaning, including but not limited to elementary entities UX. The distinction can be emphasized by using the term entity-type X, to avoid confusion of an entity X with the more restricted definition of elementary entity UX as a single countable object or event.

Abbreviation: X

Reference: BEC2020.1 doi10.26124bec2020-0001.v1

Communicated by Gnaiger Erich (2020-05-20) last update 2020-07-11
in: Anastrophe XX Entity X and elementary unit x of X-mass Carol

References

Bioblast linkReferenceYear
Gnaiger E (2020) Mitochondrial pathways and respiratory control. An introduction to OXPHOS analysis. 5th ed. Bioenerg Commun 2020.2. https://doi.org/10.26124/bec:2020-00022020
Gnaiger E (2021) The elementary unit β€” canonical reviewer's comments on: Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (2019) The International System of Units (SI) 9th ed. https://doi.org/10.26124/mitofit:200004.v22021
Gnaiger E et al ― MitoEAGLE Task Group (2020) Mitochondrial physiology. Bioenerg Commun 2020.1. https://doi.org/10.26124/bec:2020-0001.v12020


MitoPedia concepts: Ergodynamics