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Difference between revisions of "Glutamate-anaplerotic pathway control state"

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|abbr=G
|abbr=G
|description=[[File:G.jpg|left|200px|G]] '''G''': [[Glutamate]] is an [[Anaplerotic pathway control state |anaplerotic]] [[Electron-transfer-pathway state |NADH-linked type 4 substrate]] (N). When supplied as the sole fuel substrate in the '''glutamate-anaplerotic pathway control state''', G is transported by the electroneutral glutamate-/OH- exchanger, and is oxidised via mt-[[glutamate dehydrogenase]] in the mitochondrial matrix. The G-pathway plays an important role in [[glutaminolysis]].
|description=[[File:G.jpg|left|200px|G]] '''G''': [[Glutamate]] is an [[Anaplerotic pathway control state |anaplerotic]] [[Electron-transfer-pathway state |NADH-linked type 4 substrate]] (N). When supplied as the sole fuel substrate in the '''glutamate-anaplerotic pathway control state''', G is transported by the electroneutral glutamate-/OH- exchanger, and is oxidised via mt-[[glutamate dehydrogenase]] in the mitochondrial matrix. The G-pathway plays an important role in [[glutaminolysis]].
|info=[[Gnaiger 2014 MitoPathways]] - Chapter 3.3
|info=[[Gnaiger 2020 BEC MitoPathways]]
}}
{{MitoPedia concepts
|mitopedia concept=SUIT state
}}
}}
Β  Communicated by [[Gnaiger E]] 2016-01-25, edited 2016-11-29.
Β  Communicated by [[Gnaiger E]] 2016-01-25, edited 2016-11-29.
__TOC__
__TOC__


== G(L) ==
== G(L) ==
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== Details ==
== Details ==
:::: In '''human skeletal muscle mitochondria''', [[OXPHOS]] capacity with glutamate alone (G<sub>''P''</sub>) is 50% to 85% of respiration in the [[GM pathway control state]] (GM<sub>''P''</sub>). Accumulation of fumarate inhibits succinate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase.
:::: In '''human skeletal muscle mitochondria''', [[OXPHOS]] capacity with glutamate alone (G<sub>''P''</sub>) is 50% to 85% of respiration in the [[GM-pathway control state]] (GM<sub>''P''</sub>). Accumulation of fumarate inhibits succinate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase.


:::: Glutaminolysis: Glutamate derived from hydrolyzation of glutamine is an important aerobic substrate in cultured cells, supporting anaplerosis. Mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase is particularly active in astrocytes, preventing glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. Β 
:::: Glutaminolysis: Glutamate derived from hydrolyzation of glutamine is an important aerobic substrate in cultured cells, supporting anaplerosis. Mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase is particularly active in astrocytes, preventing glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. Β 
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== [[SUITbrowser]] question: Glutamine/glutamate ==
== [[SUITbrowser]] question: Glutamine/glutamate ==
:::: The [https://suitbrowser.oroboros.at/ SUITbrowser] can be used to find the best SUIT protocols to analyse glutamine/glutamate metabolism, among other research questions.
:::: The [https://suitbrowser.oroboros.at/ SUITbrowser] can be used to find the best SUIT protocols to analyse glutamine/glutamate metabolism, among other research questions.
{{MitoPedia concepts
|mitopedia concept=SUIT state
}}

Latest revision as of 19:11, 1 January 2021


high-resolution terminology - matching measurements at high-resolution


Glutamate-anaplerotic pathway control state

Description

G

G: Glutamate is an anaplerotic NADH-linked type 4 substrate (N). When supplied as the sole fuel substrate in the glutamate-anaplerotic pathway control state, G is transported by the electroneutral glutamate-/OH- exchanger, and is oxidised via mt-glutamate dehydrogenase in the mitochondrial matrix. The G-pathway plays an important role in glutaminolysis.

Abbreviation: G

Reference: Gnaiger 2020 BEC MitoPathways

Communicated by Gnaiger E 2016-01-25, edited 2016-11-29.

G(L)

LEAK state (L) with G alone as substrate can be evaluated in the following SUIT protocol:


G(P)

OXPHOS state (P) with G alone as substrate can be evaluated in the following SUIT protocol:

G(E)

ET state (E) with G alone as substrate can be evaluated in the following SUIT protocol:


Details

In human skeletal muscle mitochondria, OXPHOS capacity with glutamate alone (GP) is 50% to 85% of respiration in the GM-pathway control state (GMP). Accumulation of fumarate inhibits succinate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase.
Glutaminolysis: Glutamate derived from hydrolyzation of glutamine is an important aerobic substrate in cultured cells, supporting anaplerosis. Mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase is particularly active in astrocytes, preventing glutamate-induced neurotoxicity.
Anaplerosis from malate: mtNAD-malic enzyme supports an anaplerotic pathway when carbohydrate is limiting.

SUITbrowser question: Glutamine/glutamate

The SUITbrowser can be used to find the best SUIT protocols to analyse glutamine/glutamate metabolism, among other research questions.


MitoPedia concepts: SUIT state