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Difference between revisions of "MiPNet27.05 Schroecken BEC tutorial-Living Communications pmP"

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{{OROBOROS header page name}}
{{BEC}}
{{Publication
{{Publication
|title=[[File:BEC-logo.png|right|120px|link=Gnaiger 2020 BEC MitoPathways]]
|title=[[File:BEC-logo.png|right|120px|link=Gnaiger 2020 BEC MitoPathways]]
'''Schroecken AT''', 2022 Sep 30-Oct 02. BEC-Living Communications tutorial: ''pmF'' — pre '''IOC155'''.
'''Schroecken AT''', 2022 Sep 30-Oct 02. BEC tutorial-Living Communications: ''pmF'' — pre '''IOC155'''.
|authors=Oroboros
|authors=Oroboros
|year=2022-09-30
|year=2022-09-30
|journal=Mitochondr Physiol Network
|journal=Mitochondr Physiol Network
|abstract=
|abstract=
'''BEC-Living Communications tutorial. Mitochondrial membrane potential and Peter Mitchell’s protonmotive force: elements of the science of bioenergetics.  
'''BEC tutorial-Living Communications. Mitochondrial membrane potential and Peter Mitchell’s protonmotive force: elements of the science of bioenergetics.  
Preceding the '''Oroboros O2k-Workshop on high-resolution respirometry'''. Schroecken, Austria; 2022.
Preceding the '''[[MiPNet27.04 IOC155 Schroecken AT |Oroboros O2k-Workshop on high-resolution respirometry]]'''. Schroecken, Austria; 2022.
[[File:Gnaiger 2020 BEC MitoPathways.jpg|left|100px|link=Gnaiger_2020_BEC_MitoPathways|Gnaiger 2020 BEC MitoPathways]]
[[File:Gnaiger 2020 BEC MitoPathways.jpg|left|100px|link=Gnaiger_2020_BEC_MitoPathways|Gnaiger 2020 BEC MitoPathways]]
The mitochondrial membrane potential is an element of the science of bioenergetics, linked to the control of respiratory flux and related mitochondrial functions. A PubMed search on ‘mitochondrial membrane potential’ yields nearly 40 000 results and 3442 for 2021 (search 2022-07-04), with a linear increase during the past 20 years. Chapter 8 on ‘Protonmotive pressure and respiratory control’ of [[Mitochondrial Pathways]] (Gnaiger 2020) introduces a novel perspective on Peter Mitchell’s protonmotive force, which incorporates the mitochondrial membrane potential. If you find the reading is tough, you are not alone. Join this BEC-Living Communications tutorial for a fundamental introduction into the relevant concepts of physical chemistry, which differ from misleading chapters in bioenergetics textbooks. A retreat with plenty of informal discussions and group interactions takes you on a journey to visit chemical potential differences versus potential gradients, Gibbs [[energy]] versus Gibbs [[force]], protonmotive force and [[motive unit]]s, [[flow]]s and [[force]]s, and finally protonmotive [[pressure]]. This will introduce students (and teachers) to a new understanding of mitochondrial membrane potential and the protonmotive force, connecting the ideal gas equation, osmotic pressure, the [[Boltzmann constant]] and [[gas constant]] with Fick’s and Einstein’s diffusion equation. If theory gets dry and grey, join for a swim in lake Körbersee, for a Walk&Talk in the colorful alpine environment of the Tannberg region, and a visit to the [https://www.alpmuseum.at/ Alpmuseum ufm Tannberg].
The [[mitochondrial membrane potential]] is an element of the science of bioenergetics, linked to the control of respiratory flux and related mitochondrial functions. A PubMed search on ‘mitochondrial membrane potential’ yields nearly 40 000 results and 3442 for 2021 (search 2022-07-04), with a linear increase during the past 20 years. [[Gnaiger_2020_BEC_MitoPathways#Chapter_8._Protonmotive_pressure_and_respiratory_control |Chapter 8]] on ‘Protonmotive pressure and respiratory control’ of [[Mitochondrial Pathways]] (Gnaiger 2020) introduces a novel perspective on Peter Mitchell’s protonmotive force, which incorporates the mitochondrial membrane potential. If you find the reading is tough, you are not alone. Join this BEC tutorial-Living Communications for a fundamental introduction into the relevant concepts of physical chemistry, which differ from [[Force#Thermodynamic_ignorance |misleading chapters in bioenergetics textbooks]]. A retreat with plenty of informal discussions and group interactions takes you on a journey to visit chemical potential differences versus potential gradients, Gibbs [[energy]] versus Gibbs [[force]], quantities of capacity versus intensity, protonmotive force and [[motive unit]]s, [[flow]]s and [[force]]s, and finally protonmotive [[pressure]]. This will introduce students (and teachers) to a new understanding of mitochondrial membrane potential and the protonmotive force, connecting the ideal gas equation, osmotic pressure, the [[Boltzmann constant]] and [[gas constant]] with [[Fick 1855 Pogg Ann |Fick’s]] and [[Einstein 1905 Ann Physik 549 |Einstein’s diffusion equation]]. If theory gets dry and grey, join for a swim in lake Körbersee, for a Walk&Talk in the colorful alpine environment of the Schröcken-Tannberg region, and a visit to the [https://www.alpmuseum.at/ Alpmuseum ufm Tannberg].


|mipnetlab=AT_Innsbruck_Oroboros
|mipnetlab=AT_Innsbruck_Oroboros
}}
}}
[[File:Vector flux and velocity.jpg|right|330px |Vector flux and velocity|link=Gnaiger_2020_BEC_MitoPathways#Chapter_8._Protonmotive_pressure_and_respiratory_control|thumb|Figure 8.9. Vector flux and velocity: stationary state of diffusion in a linear concentration gradient.]]
__TOC__
Last update: 2022-07-17
== Venue ==
[[File:Schroecken Wiki.JPG|right|330px]]
:::: Hotel Körbersee, Schröcken, AT
:::: Information on travel and venue: '''[[IOC Schroecken]]'''.


__TOC__


== General information ==
== Program ==
[[File:Hydrogen ion circuit.jpg|right|330px|thumb|Figure 1.1. Coupling in oxidative phosphorylation is mediated by the protonmotive force ''pmF''.]]
::::* '''BEC tutorial''': program for 2022 Sep 30-Oct 02 (Fr to Su)
::::::* Preceding the [[MiPNet27.04 IOC155 Schroecken AT |Oroboros O2k-Workshop on high-resolution respirometry]], 2022 Oct 03-08 (Mo to Fr).
 
=== ''pmF'': a unifying theory of biology - from metabolism to physical chemistry ===
::::* Peter Mitchell's concept of the protonmotive force ''pmF'' is one of the grand unifying theories of biology, on par with Charles Darwin's theory of evolution, Gregor Mendel's rules of inheritance and classical genetics, and the structure of DNA resolved by Francis Crick, James Watson, and Rosalind Franklin. The ''pmF'' combines the disciplines of biochemistry (metabolism), cell biology (cellular ultrastructure), physiology (energy transformation), thermodynamics (chemical potential, Gibbs energy), and physical chemistry (diffusion, electrochemistry).
 
::::* This BEC tutorial links different disciplines and describes different processes (transformations) by the same principles and relations of isomorphic quantities:
::::::# metabolic reactions and translocation (scalar and vectorial)
::::::# diffusion (from Fick's law to Einstein's diffusion equation)
::::::# electrochemical potentials (compartmental differences versus gradients) and motive forces (of physics and thermodynamics - from the Boltzmann constant and gas constant to the electromotive constant)
::::::# osmotic pressure (from the gas law to protonmotive pressure)


'''COVID-19'''
::::* '''Remember ZEN, ''zeNA''''' — Section 8.2.8 - <big>∞</big>2<big>∞</big>
:::: The event will be held in accordance with current COVID regulations. A primary concern must be the safety of our participants and staff, which is why we reserve the right to cancel the event if there are any concerns/restrictions. Refunds will be issued exclusively for registration fees.  
:::::::: RM Pirsig (1974) <span style="color:#0000FF"> ''Zen and the art of motorcycle maintenance. An inquiry into values.''</span style> William Morrow & Company:418 pp.
:::::::: <span style="color:#0000FF">Thermodynamics</span style> (''motorcycle maintenance'') may be dull and tedious drudgery (<span style="color:#0000FF">without curiosity beyond “[[≡]]”</span style>) or a valuable and exciting art (if you seek for “=” ZEN). Transformation of dumb, dry and frigid equations into eloquent formulae radiating meaning and sparkling knowledge depends on motivation, skill and persistence (''zeNA'').
::::::::» Compare numerical [[equivalence]] (symbol ≡) and physicochemical [[equality]] (symbol =).


== Venue ==
=== Why? ===
[[File:Schroecken Wiki.JPG|right|330px]]
::::* Why are mitochondria small? Why is [[LEAK respiration]] a non-linear (non-Ohmic) function of the [[mitochondrial membrane potential]] difference Δ''Ψ''<sub>p<sup>+</sup></sub>?
:::: Information on travel and venue: '''[[IOC Schroecken]]'''.
::::* Why is the [[mitochondrial membrane potential]] difference Δ''Ψ''<sub>p<sup>+</sup></sub> — the chemical part of the ''pmF'' — not a force of physics? Similarly, the protonmotive force is not a force of physics. Why '[[isomorphic]]' forces?
::::* Why can we start a chemical reaction (in a homogenous [[system]]) or compartmental diffusion (in a [[discontinuous system]]) at an infinitely large [[force]] - without the system exploding?


:::: » As there is no ATM close to the hotel, we recommend withdrawing money at Bregenz train station. Please make sure to bring some cash in EUROs with you, in case you need it.
=== Consider some fundamental quantities ===
::::: The hotel accepts payment by credit card for consumed drinks.
[[File:Gibbs energy advancement.png|right|330px|link=Gnaiger_2020_BEC_MitoPathways#Chapter_8._Protonmotive_pressure_and_respiratory_control |Gibbs energy and advancement|thumb|Figure 8.5. Gibbs energy as a function of advancement of transformation in a closed isothermal system at constant pressure.]]
::::* Among the key isomorphic quantities are:
::::::# [[advancement]] and [[stoichiometry]] as the determinants of transformation [[flow]]s
::::::# [[motive entity]] - this is what flows
::::::# [[motive unit]]s for [[count]], [[amount]], and [[charge]]
::::::# chemical and electric partial forces of the ''[[pmF]]''


:::: » Please note that the hotel has a limited number of rooms and space is not guaranteed. Therefore, we ask that you do not bring additional guests without confirming with us beforehand.
::::* Important distinctions:
::::::# [[system]]s: closed, compartmental, open
::::::# transformations: [[vector |vectoral]] (along continuous gradients), vectorial (across discontinuous boundaries between compartments), scalar (within systems, without spatial direction)
::::::# Gibbs [[energy]] ([[exergy]]), [[chemical potential]], and metabolic [[force]] (Gibbs force)
::::::# potential gradients versus potential differences
::::::# [[proton]]s p<sup>+</sup> and [[hydrogen ion]]s H<sup>+</sup>
::::::# (chemiosmotic) [[pressure]] versus (protonmotive) [[force]]


== Preliminary program ==
{{Keywords: Force and membrane potential}}
::::* Preceeding the [[MiPNet27.04 IOC155 Schroecken AT |Oroboros O2k-Workshop on high-resolution respirometry]], 2022 Oct 03-08 (Mo to Fr).
::::* BEC program for 2022 Sep 30-Oct 02 (Fr to Su) will be provided shortly.


=== Gibberish ===
::::* Forget all gibberish that you have learned — if not forgotten already — on textbook thermodynamics. If you are surprised by this suggestion, take a look at specific examples from
::::::» [[Advancement#Advancement_versus_amount |a fundamental textbook on physical chemistry]]
::::::» [[Force#Thermodynamic_ignorance |bioenergetics]].


== Registration ==
{{Template:Force and pressure}}


:::: Download registration form: [https://wiki.oroboros.at/images/1/1b/Registration_formIOC141.pdf download pdf] - The BEC-Living Communications pre-workshop event will be added shortly.
== Lecturer and participants ==
== Lecturer ==


<br/>
<gallery mode=default perrow=9 widths="140px" heights="150px">
<gallery mode=default perrow=9 widths="140px" heights="150px">
File:Erich Gnaiger.jpg|'''[[Gnaiger E |Erich Gnaiger]]''', PhD., Oroboros Instruments - CEO, ''Innovation Alchemist''
File:Erich Gnaiger.jpg|'''[[Gnaiger E |Erich Gnaiger]]''', PhD., Oroboros Instruments - author of
File:Gnaiger 2020 BEC MitoPathways.jpg|'''[[Gnaiger_2020_BEC_MitoPathways|Mitochondrial pathways and respiratory control. An introduction to OXPHOS analysis.]]
File:Odra Noel-Mitchell's dream.png|'''[[Gnaiger_2020_BEC_MitoPathways#Chapter_8._Protonmotive_pressure_and_respiratory_control|Chapter 8. Protonmotive pressure and respiratory control.]]
|-
|-
</gallery>
</gallery>


<big>'''Participants'''</big>
::: ''preliminary''


== List of participants ==
<gallery mode=default perrow=9 widths="140px" heights="150px">
<gallery mode=default perrow=9 widths="140px" heights="150px">
File:CardosoLHD.JPG|'''[[Cardoso LHD|Luiza Cardoso]]''', PhD., Oroboros Instruments, ''Mitochondrial Wizard''
File:BaglivoE.jpg|'''[[Baglivo Eleonora|Eleonora Baglivo]]''', MSc, Oroboros Instruments, ''Biomedical Pixie''
File:Cristiane Cecatto.jpg|'''[[Cecatto C|Cristiane Cecatto]]''', PhD., Oroboros Instruments, ''Mitochondrial Phoenix''
File:CardosoLHD.JPG|'''[[Cardoso Luiza HD|Luiza HD Cardoso]]''', PhD, Oroboros Instruments, ''Mitochondrial Wizard''
File:Erich Gnaiger.jpg|'''[[Gnaiger E |Erich Gnaiger]]''', PhD., Oroboros Instruments - CEO, ''Innovation Alchemist''
File:Cristiane Cecatto.jpg|'''[[Cecatto C|Cristiane Cecatto]]''', PhD, Oroboros Instruments, ''Mitochondrial Phoenix''
File:Mateus.jpg|'''[[Grings Mateus|Mateus Grings ]]''', PhD., Oroboros Instruments, ''Mitochondrial Jedi''
File:Donnellyc.jpg|'''[[Donnelly Chris |Chris Donnelly]]''', Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH
File:SchmittS.jpg|'''[[Schmitt S|Sabine Schmitt]]''', Dr., Oroboros Instruments, ''Mitochondrial Detective''
File:Erich Gnaiger.jpg|'''[[Gnaiger E |Erich Gnaiger]]''', PhD, Oroboros Instruments - CEO, ''Innovation Alchemist''
File:Mateus.jpg|'''[[Grings Mateus|Mateus Grings ]]''', PhD, Oroboros Instruments, ''Mitochondrial Jedi''
File:Profile-icon-9.png|'''[[Leo Elettra|Elettra Leo]]''', PhD, Oroboros Instruments
File:SchmittS.jpg|'''[[Schmitt S|Sabine Schmitt]]''', PhD, Oroboros Instruments, ''Mitochondrial Detective''
File:Timon-Gomez_A.jpg|'''[[Timon-Gomez Alba|Alba Timon-Gomez]]''', PhD, Oroboros Instruments
|-
|-
</gallery>
</gallery>
<gallery mode=default perrow=2 widths="400px" heights="300px">
File:Pressure-force Maxwell.png
File:Pressure-force van't Hoff.png
File:Pressure-force Nernst.png
File:Pressure-force Einstein.png
File:Pressure-force Prigogine.png
File:Pressure-force Mitchell.png
|-
</gallery>
== Registration and general information ==
:::* This event is taking place immediately before the [[MiPNet27.04 IOC155 Schroecken AT|O2k-Workshop - IOC155]].
:::: Download registration form: '''[https://wiki.oroboros.at/images/1/1f/Registration_BEC_and_IOC155.pdf download pdf]'''


== Contact ==
<big>'''Contact'''</big>
[[Image:Logo OROBOROS INSTRUMENTS.jpg|right|120px|link=http://www.oroboros.at|Oroboros]]
:::: [mailto:instruments@oroboros.at| instruments@oroboros.at]
:::: [mailto:instruments@oroboros.at| instruments@oroboros.at]


Line 70: Line 123:


:::: '''Mitochondria and Cell Research'''
:::: '''Mitochondria and Cell Research'''
<big>'''Hotel Koerbersee'''</big>
:::: » Please note that the hotel has a limited number of rooms and space is not guaranteed. Therefore, we ask you to confirm beforehand if you intend to bring accompanying guests with you.
:::: » As there is no ATM close to the hotel, we recommend withdrawing money at Bregenz train station. Please make sure to bring some cash in EUROs with you, in case you need it.
::::: The hotel accepts payment by credit card.
<big>'''COVID-19'''</big>
:::: The event will be held in accordance with current COVID regulations. A primary concern must be the safety of our participants and staff, which is why we reserve the right to cancel the event if there are any concerns/restrictions. Refunds will be issued exclusively for registration fees.


== Recommended reading ==
== Recommended reading ==
[[File:OXPHOS-coupled energy cycles.jpg|right|330px |Hydrogen ion circuit and coupling in OXPHOS |link=Gnaiger_2020_BEC_MitoPathways#Chapter_8._Protonmotive_pressure_and_respiratory_control]]
[[File:Gnaiger 2020 BEC MitoPathways.jpg|left|66px|link=Gnaiger_2020_BEC_MitoPathways|Gnaiger 2020 BEC MitoPathways]]
[[File:Gnaiger 2020 BEC MitoPathways.jpg|left|66px|link=Gnaiger_2020_BEC_MitoPathways|Gnaiger 2020 BEC MitoPathways]]
:::# Mitchell P (1966) Chemiosmotic coupling in oxidative and photosynthetic phosphorylation. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbabio.2011.09.018
:::# Gnaiger E (2020) Mitochondrial pathways and respiratory control. An introduction to OXPHOS analysis. 5th ed. https://doi.org/10.26124/bec:2020-0002 - Chapter 8
:::# Gnaiger E (2020) Mitochondrial pathways and respiratory control. An introduction to OXPHOS analysis. 5th ed. https://doi.org/10.26124/bec:2020-0002 - Chapter 8
:::# Gnaiger E (2018) The protonmotive force under pressure: an isomorphic analysis. [[Gnaiger 2018 EBEC2018 |EBEC 2018 Abstract]].
:::# Gnaiger E (2021) The elementary unit — canonical reviewer's comments on: Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (2019) The International System of Units (SI) 9th ed. https://doi.org/10.26124/mitofit:200004.v2
:::# Komlódi T, Tretter L (2022) The protonmotive force – not merely membrane potential. https://doi.org/10.26124/mitofit:2022-0012
:::# Krumschnabel G, Eigentler A, Fasching M, Gnaiger E (2014) Use of safranin for the assessment of mitochondrial membrane potential by high-resolution respirometry and fluorometry. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-416618-9.00009-1
 
 


[[Image:MitoPedia-text.jpg|left|100px|link=MitoPedia|MitoPedia]]
<br>
<br>
» [[MitoPedia: Ergodynamics]]
<br>
<br>


[[Image:MitoGlobal.jpg|right|80px|link=MitoGlobal|MitoGlobal]]  
[[Image:MitoGlobal.jpg|right|80px|link=MitoGlobal|MitoGlobal]]  
  BEC-Living Communications are listed as [[MitoGlobal Events]].
  BEC tutorials are listed as [[MitoGlobal Events]].


{{Labeling
{{Labeling
|additional=ORO, IOC, 2022, MitoGlobal, Next
|additional=ORO, IOC, 2022, MitoGlobal, NextGen-O2k, Next
}}
}}
[[Category:O2k-Workshops]]
[[Category:O2k-Workshops]]

Revision as of 20:38, 29 July 2022


Bioenergetics Communications        
Gnaiger 2020 BEC MitoPathways
       
Gnaiger Erich et al ― MitoEAGLE Task Group (2020) Mitochondrial physiology. Bioenerg Commun 2020.1.
        MitoPedia: BEC         MitoPedia: Gentle Science         MitoFit Preprints         DOI Data Center
Publications in the MiPMap
BEC-logo.png

Schroecken AT, 2022 Sep 30-Oct 02. BEC tutorial-Living Communications: pmF — pre IOC155.


Oroboros (2022-09-30) Mitochondr Physiol Network

Abstract: BEC tutorial-Living Communications. Mitochondrial membrane potential and Peter Mitchell’s protonmotive force: elements of the science of bioenergetics. Preceding the Oroboros O2k-Workshop on high-resolution respirometry. Schroecken, Austria; 2022.

Gnaiger 2020 BEC MitoPathways

The mitochondrial membrane potential is an element of the science of bioenergetics, linked to the control of respiratory flux and related mitochondrial functions. A PubMed search on ‘mitochondrial membrane potential’ yields nearly 40 000 results and 3442 for 2021 (search 2022-07-04), with a linear increase during the past 20 years. Chapter 8 on ‘Protonmotive pressure and respiratory control’ of Mitochondrial Pathways (Gnaiger 2020) introduces a novel perspective on Peter Mitchell’s protonmotive force, which incorporates the mitochondrial membrane potential. If you find the reading is tough, you are not alone. Join this BEC tutorial-Living Communications for a fundamental introduction into the relevant concepts of physical chemistry, which differ from misleading chapters in bioenergetics textbooks. A retreat with plenty of informal discussions and group interactions takes you on a journey to visit chemical potential differences versus potential gradients, Gibbs energy versus Gibbs force, quantities of capacity versus intensity, protonmotive force and motive units, flows and forces, and finally protonmotive pressure. This will introduce students (and teachers) to a new understanding of mitochondrial membrane potential and the protonmotive force, connecting the ideal gas equation, osmotic pressure, the Boltzmann constant and gas constant with Fick’s and Einstein’s diffusion equation. If theory gets dry and grey, join for a swim in lake Körbersee, for a Walk&Talk in the colorful alpine environment of the Schröcken-Tannberg region, and a visit to the Alpmuseum ufm Tannberg.


O2k-Network Lab: AT_Innsbruck_Oroboros

Figure 8.9. Vector flux and velocity: stationary state of diffusion in a linear concentration gradient.
Last update: 2022-07-17

Venue

Schroecken Wiki.JPG
Hotel Körbersee, Schröcken, AT
Information on travel and venue: IOC Schroecken.


Program

Figure 1.1. Coupling in oxidative phosphorylation is mediated by the protonmotive force pmF.
  • BEC tutorial: program for 2022 Sep 30-Oct 02 (Fr to Su)

pmF: a unifying theory of biology - from metabolism to physical chemistry

  • Peter Mitchell's concept of the protonmotive force pmF is one of the grand unifying theories of biology, on par with Charles Darwin's theory of evolution, Gregor Mendel's rules of inheritance and classical genetics, and the structure of DNA resolved by Francis Crick, James Watson, and Rosalind Franklin. The pmF combines the disciplines of biochemistry (metabolism), cell biology (cellular ultrastructure), physiology (energy transformation), thermodynamics (chemical potential, Gibbs energy), and physical chemistry (diffusion, electrochemistry).
  • This BEC tutorial links different disciplines and describes different processes (transformations) by the same principles and relations of isomorphic quantities:
  1. metabolic reactions and translocation (scalar and vectorial)
  2. diffusion (from Fick's law to Einstein's diffusion equation)
  3. electrochemical potentials (compartmental differences versus gradients) and motive forces (of physics and thermodynamics - from the Boltzmann constant and gas constant to the electromotive constant)
  4. osmotic pressure (from the gas law to protonmotive pressure)
  • Remember ZEN, zeNA — Section 8.2.8 - 2
RM Pirsig (1974) Zen and the art of motorcycle maintenance. An inquiry into values. William Morrow & Company:418 pp.
Thermodynamics (motorcycle maintenance) may be dull and tedious drudgery (without curiosity beyond “) or a valuable and exciting art (if you seek for “=” ZEN). Transformation of dumb, dry and frigid equations into eloquent formulae radiating meaning and sparkling knowledge depends on motivation, skill and persistence (zeNA).
» Compare numerical equivalence (symbol ≡) and physicochemical equality (symbol =).

Why?

Consider some fundamental quantities

Figure 8.5. Gibbs energy as a function of advancement of transformation in a closed isothermal system at constant pressure.
  • Among the key isomorphic quantities are:
  1. advancement and stoichiometry as the determinants of transformation flows
  2. motive entity - this is what flows
  3. motive units for count, amount, and charge
  4. chemical and electric partial forces of the pmF
  • Important distinctions:
  1. systems: closed, compartmental, open
  2. transformations: vectoral (along continuous gradients), vectorial (across discontinuous boundaries between compartments), scalar (within systems, without spatial direction)
  3. Gibbs energy (exergy), chemical potential, and metabolic force (Gibbs force)
  4. potential gradients versus potential differences
  5. protons p+ and hydrogen ions H+
  6. (chemiosmotic) pressure versus (protonmotive) force


Questions.jpg


Click to expand or collaps
Bioblast links: Force and membrane potential - >>>>>>> - Click on [Expand] or [Collapse] - >>>>>>>
Fundamental relationships
» Force
» Affinity
» Flux
» Advancement
» Advancement per volume
» Stoichiometric number
mt-Membrane potential and protonmotive force
» Protonmotive force
» Mitochondrial membrane potential
» Chemical potential
» Faraday constant
» Format
» Uncoupler
O2k-Potentiometry
» O2k-Catalogue: O2k-TPP+ ISE-Module
» O2k-Manual: MiPNet15.03 O2k-MultiSensor-ISE
» TPP - O2k-Procedures: Tetraphenylphosphonium
» Specifications: MiPNet15.08 TPP electrode
» Poster
» Unspecific binding of TPP+
» TPP+ inhibitory effect
O2k-Fluorometry
» O2k-Catalogue: O2k-FluoRespirometer
» O2k-Manual: MiPNet22.11 O2k-FluoRespirometer manual
» Safranin - O2k-Procedures: MiPNet20.13 Safranin mt-membranepotential / Safranin
» TMRM - O2k-Procedures: TMRM
O2k-Publications
» O2k-Publications: mt-Membrane potential
» O2k-Publications: Coupling efficiency;uncoupling


Gibberish

  • Forget all gibberish that you have learned — if not forgotten already — on textbook thermodynamics. If you are surprised by this suggestion, take a look at specific examples from
» a fundamental textbook on physical chemistry
» bioenergetics.

Force or pressure? - The linear flux-pressure law

Gnaiger 2020 BEC MitoPathways
"For many decades the pressure-force confusion has blinded the most brilliant minds, reinforcing the expectation that Ohm’s linear flux-force law should apply to the hydrogen ion circuit and protonmotive force. .. Physicochemical principles explain the highly non-linear flux-force relation in the dependence of LEAK respiration on the pmF. The explanation is based on an extension of Fick’s law of diffusion and Einstein’s diffusion equation, representing protonmotive pressure ― isomorphic with mechanical pressure, hydrodynamic pressure, gas pressure, and osmotic pressure ― which collectively follow the generalized linear flux-pressure law."
Gnaiger E (2020) Mitochondrial pathways and respiratory control. An introduction to OXPHOS analysis. 5th ed. Bioenerg Commun 2020.2. https://doi.org/10.26124/bec:2020-0002
» pressure = force × free activity

Lecturer and participants

Participants

preliminary

Registration and general information

Download registration form: download pdf

Contact

Oroboros
instruments@oroboros.at
Oroboros Instruments
High-Resolution Respirometry
Schoepfstrasse 18
A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
Tel: +43 512 566796
Fax: +43 512 566796 20
Mitochondria and Cell Research

Hotel Koerbersee

» Please note that the hotel has a limited number of rooms and space is not guaranteed. Therefore, we ask you to confirm beforehand if you intend to bring accompanying guests with you.
» As there is no ATM close to the hotel, we recommend withdrawing money at Bregenz train station. Please make sure to bring some cash in EUROs with you, in case you need it.
The hotel accepts payment by credit card.

COVID-19

The event will be held in accordance with current COVID regulations. A primary concern must be the safety of our participants and staff, which is why we reserve the right to cancel the event if there are any concerns/restrictions. Refunds will be issued exclusively for registration fees.


Recommended reading

Hydrogen ion circuit and coupling in OXPHOS
Gnaiger 2020 BEC MitoPathways
  1. Mitchell P (1966) Chemiosmotic coupling in oxidative and photosynthetic phosphorylation. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbabio.2011.09.018
  2. Gnaiger E (2020) Mitochondrial pathways and respiratory control. An introduction to OXPHOS analysis. 5th ed. https://doi.org/10.26124/bec:2020-0002 - Chapter 8
  3. Gnaiger E (2021) The elementary unit — canonical reviewer's comments on: Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (2019) The International System of Units (SI) 9th ed. https://doi.org/10.26124/mitofit:200004.v2
MitoPedia



» MitoPedia: Ergodynamics

MitoGlobal
BEC tutorials are listed as MitoGlobal Events.


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