Difference between revisions of "Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide"

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Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

Description

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NAD⁺ and NADH (pyridine nucleotide coenzymes, NAD and NADP), is an oxidation-reduction coenzyme (redox cofactor; compare FADH₂). In the NADH Electron transfer-pathway state fuelled by type N substrates, mt-matrix dehydrogenases generate NADH, the substrate of Complex I (CI). The mt-NADH pool integrates the activity of the TCA cycle and various matrix dehydrogenases upstream of CI, and thus forms a junction or funnel of electron transfer to CI, the N-junction (compare F-junction, Q-junction). NAD⁺ and NADH are not permeable through the mt-inner membrane, mtIM. Cytosolic NADH is effectively made available for mitochondrial respiration through the malate-aspartate shuttle or glycerophosphate dehydrogenase Complex.

Abbreviation: NADH

MitoPedia topics: Substrate and metabolite

Communicated by Gnaiger E 2016-02-12, last edit 2019-07-01.

Application in HRR

Nicotinadeninedinucleotide, NADH (β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced potassium salt, C₂₁H₂₇N₇O₁₄P₂K₂); Sigma A 4505, 100 mg, store at -20 °C (old Sigma recommendation: 4-8 °C); FW = 742.61, for important considerations concerning storage of NADH (powder and solutions) and preparation of solutions see the product information from Sigma: [1]. The same precautions are recommended by Sigma for the sodium salt.

Historical terminology

DPN⁺ = NAD⁺
DPNH, reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide = NADH
TPN⁺ = NADP⁺
TPNH, reduced triphosphopyridine nucleotide = NADPH

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 {{MitoPedia
 |abbr=NADH
-|description='''Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide''', NAD<sup>+</sup> and NADH (pyridine nucleotide coenzymes, NAD and NADP), is an oxidation-reduction coenzyme (redox cofactor; compare [[FADH2 |FADH<sub>2</sub>]]). In the [[NADH Electron transfer-pathway state]] fuelled by type N substrates, mt-matrix dehydrogenases generate NADH, the substrate of [[Complex I]] (CI). The mt-NADH pool integrates the activity of the [[TCA cycle]] and various matrix dehydrogenases upstream of CI, and thus forms a junction or funnel of electron transfer to CI, the [[N-junction]] (compare [[F-junction]], [[Q-junction]]). NAD<sup>+</sup> and NADH are not permeable through the inner mt-membrane. Cytosolic NADH is effectively made available for mitochondrial respiration through the [[malate-aspartate shuttle]] or [[Glycerophosphate_dehydrogenase_complex|glycerophosphate dehydrogenase Complex]].
+|description='''Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide''', NAD<sup>+</sup> and NADH (pyridine nucleotide coenzymes, NAD and NADP), is an oxidation-reduction coenzyme (redox cofactor; compare [[FADH2 |FADH<sub>2</sub>]]). In the [[NADH Electron transfer-pathway state]] fuelled by type N substrates, mt-matrix dehydrogenases generate NADH, the substrate of [[Complex I]] (CI). The mt-NADH pool integrates the activity of the [[TCA cycle]] and various matrix dehydrogenases upstream of CI, and thus forms a junction or funnel of electron transfer to CI, the [[N-junction]] (compare [[F-junction]], [[Q-junction]]). NAD<sup>+</sup> and NADH are not permeable through the mt-inner membrane, mtIM. Cytosolic NADH is effectively made available for mitochondrial respiration through the [[malate-aspartate shuttle]] or [[Glycerophosphate_dehydrogenase_complex|glycerophosphate dehydrogenase Complex]].
 }}
 {{MitoPedia topics
 |mitopedia topic=Substrate and metabolite
 }}
-  Communicated by [[Gnaiger E]] 2016-02-12, edited 2016-11-29.
+  Communicated by [[Gnaiger E]] 2016-02-12, last edit 2019-07-01.
 == Application in [[HRR]] ==
 :::: '''Nicotinadeninedinucleotide, NADH''' (β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced potassium salt, C<sub>21</sub>H<sub>27</sub>N<sub>7</sub>O<sub>14</sub>P<sub>2</sub>K<sub>2</sub>);  Sigma A 4505, 100 mg, store at -20 °C (old Sigma recommendation: 4-8 °C); FW = 742.61, for important considerations concerning storage of NADH (powder and solutions) and preparation of solutions see the product information from Sigma: [https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/content/dam/sigma-aldrich/docs/Sigma/Product_Information_Sheet/2/n4505pis.pdf]. The same precautions are recommended by Sigma for the sodium salt.