Difference between revisions of "ROUTINE respiration"

Revision as of 17:19, 6 July 2014

high-resolution terminology - matching measurements at high-resolution

ROUTINE respiration

Description

In the intact cell, ROUTINE respiration in the physiological coupling state R, is controlled by cellular energy demand, energy turnover and the degree of coupling to phosphorylation (intrinsic uncoupling and pathological dyscoupling). R and growth of cells is supported by exogenous substrates in culture media. In media without energy substrates, R depends on endogenous substrates. R cannot be measured in permeabilized cells or isolated mitochondria. R is corrected for residual oxygen consumption (ROX), whereas R´ is the uncorrected apparent ROUTINE respiration or total cellular oxygen consumption of cells including ROX.

Abbreviation: R

Reference: Gnaiger 2012 MitoPathways, Gnaiger_2008_POS

Coupled energy cycles and and proton circuit of mitochondrial respiration in intact cells controlled by aerobic ATP demand in the ROUTINE state of activity. 2[H] indicates the reduced hydrogen equivalents of CHO substrates and electron transfer to oxygen, with a variety of energy substrates from carbohydrates through glycolysis to the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and glycerophosphate dehydrogenase complex (C_GpDH), amino acid oxidation (AAO) and fatty acid oxidation (FAO through the electron transferring flavoprotein complex, C_ETF). H⁺_out are protons pumped out of the matrix phase to the positive P-phase. Proton flow to the negative matrix phase (H⁺_in) drives the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP. Proton leaks dissipate energy of translocated protons from the positive P-phase to the negative N-phase (modified after Gnaiger 2012 MitoPathways).

MitoPedia methods: Respirometry

MitoPedia topics: "Respiratory state" is not in the list (Enzyme, Medium, Inhibitor, Substrate and metabolite, Uncoupler, Sample preparation, Permeabilization agent, EAGLE, MitoGlobal Organizations, MitoGlobal Centres, ...) of allowed values for the "MitoPedia topic" property. Respiratory state"Respiratory state" is not in the list (Enzyme, Medium, Inhibitor, Substrate and metabolite, Uncoupler, Sample preparation, Permeabilization agent, EAGLE, MitoGlobal Organizations, MitoGlobal Centres, ...) of allowed values for the "MitoPedia topic" property.

Why not 'basal respiration', and what about 'State 3.5'?

Basal respiration or "basal metabolic rate" is frequently used as LEAK respiration. Importantly, we have to make a clear distinction between (oligomycin-inhibited) LEAK respiration and physiologically controlled ROUTINE respiration, none of which conform to the physiological definition of basal respiration.

Related terms in Bioblast

OXPHOS, P

ETS, E

ROUTINE, R

LEAK, L

ROX, R

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 |type=Respiration
 }}
-[[File:ROUTINE.jpg|300px|thumb|Coupled energy cycles of oxidative phosphorylation with control by cell ATP demand in intact cells in the ROUTINE state of activity. 2[H] indicates the reduced hydrogen equivalents of CHO substrates and electron transfer to oxygen. H<sup>+</sup><sub>out</sub> are protons pumped out of the matrix phase to the positive P-phase. Proton flow to the negative matrix phase (H<sup>+</sup><sub>in</sub>) drives the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP. Proton leaks dissipate energy of translocated protons from low pH in the positive P-phase to the negative N-phase (modified after [[Gnaiger 2012 MitoPathways]]).]]
+[[File:ROUTINE.jpg|400px|thumb|Coupled energy cycles and and proton circuit of mitochondrial respiration in intact cells controlled by aerobic ATP demand in the ROUTINE state of activity. 2[H] indicates the reduced hydrogen equivalents of CHO substrates and electron transfer to oxygen, with a variety of energy substrates from carbohydrates through glycolysis to the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and glycerophosphate dehydrogenase complex (C<sub>GpDH</sub>), amino acid oxidation (AAO) and fatty acid oxidation (FAO through the electron transferring flavoprotein complex, C<sub>ETF</sub>). H<sup>+</sup><sub>out</sub> are protons pumped out of the matrix phase to the positive P-phase. Proton flow to the negative matrix phase (H<sup>+</sup><sub>in</sub>) drives the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP. Proton leaks dissipate energy of translocated protons from the positive P-phase to the negative N-phase (modified after [[Gnaiger 2012 MitoPathways]]).]]
 {{MitoPedia methods
 |mitopedia method=Respirometry
@@ Line 20: / Line 20: @@
 == Related terms in Bioblast ==
-[[Image:OXPHOS-coupled energy cycles.jpg|right|300px||link=Gnaiger 2012 MitoPathways|OXPHOS-coupled energy cycles. Source: The blue book]]
 [[File:P.jpg |link=OXPHOS capacity]] [[OXPHOS capacity |OXPHOS]], ''P''