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Property "Has-20abstract" (as page type) with input value "-5B-5BImage:MITOEAGLE-2Dlogo.jpg-7Cleft-7C100px-7Clink=http:-2F-2Fwww.mitoglobal.org-2Findex.php-2FMitoEAGLE-7CCOST-20Action-20MitoEAGLE-5D-5D-0AMelatonin-20is-20synthetized-20by-20the-20mitochondria,-20which-20in-20turn-20are-20the-20main-20intracellular-20targets-20of-20the-20indoleamine-20-5B1,2-5D.-20Due-20to-20the-20impairment-20of-20mitochondria-20in-20Parkinson's-20disease-20(PD),-20and-20its-20relationship-20with-20neuroinflammation,-20we-20analyzed-20the-20mitochondrial-20bioenergetics-20and-20melatonin-20effects-20in-20two-20models-20of-20parkinsonism,-20mouse-20and-20zebrafish.-20The-20participation-20of-20inflammation-20on-20mitochondria-20disfunction-20was-20analyzed-20in-20iNOS-20and-20nNOS-20deficient-20mice.-20Mitochondria-20were-20prepared-20from-20substantia-20nigra-20and-20striatum-20of-20control-20and-20MPTP-2Dtreated-20mice,-20and-20bioenergetics-20analyzed-20in-20an-20Oxygraph-2D2K-20respirometer-20-5B3-5D.-20Our-20results-20showed-20that-20MPTP-20increased-20iNOS-20activity-20in-20substantia-20nigra-20and-20striatum,-20whereas-20it-20sharply-20reduced-20complex-20I-20activity-20and-20mitochondrial-20bioenergetics-20in-20all-20strains.-20In-20the-20presence-20of-20MPTP,-20mice-20lacking-20iNOS-20showed-20similar-20restricted-20mitochondrial-20function-20than-20wild-20type-20or-20mice-20lacking-20nNOS.-20Therefore,-20neuroinflammation-20and-20mitochondrial-20dysregulation-20seem-20to-20act-20in-20parallel-20in-20the-20MPTP-20model-20of-20PD.-20Melatonin-20administration-20counteracted-20these-20effects,-20preventing-20from-20the-20drastic-20changes-20in-20mitochondrial-20oxygen-20consumption,-20and-20neuroinflammation,-20recovering-20normal-20locomotor-20activity-20of-20mice.-20The-20protective-20effects-20of-20melatonin-20on-20mitochondria-20are-20also-20independent-20of-20its-20anti-2Dinflammatory-20properties,-20but-20both-20effects-20are-20required-20for-20an-20effective-20anti-2Dparkinsonian-20activity-20of-20the-20indoleamine-20as-20reported-20in-20this-20study.-0A-0AIn-20the-20second-20study,-20we-20studied-20the-20capacity-20of-20melatonin-20to-20recover-20from-20a-20parkinsonian-20phenotype-20-5B4-5D.-20Here,-2024-20to-2072-20hpf-20zebrafish-20were-20treated-20with-20MPTP-20and-20-27-27in-20vivo-27-27-20respiration-20was-20measured-20in-20a-20Seahorse-20respirometer.-20A-20reduction-20in-20electron-20transfer-20system-20capacity,-20ATP-20turnover,-20and-20increased-20proton-20leak,-20were-20observed-20at-2072-20hpf-20in-20MPTP-2Dtreated-20embryos.-20These-20changes-20were-20followed-20by-20neuroinflammation-20and-20autophagy-20impairment.-20After-20removing-20MPTP-20from-20the-20treatment-20at-2072-20hpf,-20these-20bioenergetic-20deficiencies-20persisted-20up-20to-20120-20hpf.-20The-20administration-20of-20melatonin-20to-20zebrafish-20embryos-20at-2072-20hpf,-20when-20mitochondrial-20dysfunction-20is-20already-20present,-20restored-20the-20respiratory-20capacity-20and-20ATP-20production,-20reduced-20neuroinflammation,-20and-20normalized-20autophagy.-20Melatonin,-20added-20together-20with-20MPTP-20or-20added-20once-20MPTP-20was-20removed,-20prevented-20and-20recovered,-20respectively,-20the-20parkinsonian-20phenotype-20once-20it-20was-20established,-20restoring-20gene-20expression-20and-20normal-20function-20of-20the-20parkin-2FPINK1-2FDJ-2D1-2FMUL1-20loop-20and-20also-20the-20normal-20motor-20activity-20of-20the-20embryos." contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.

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