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Property "Has-20abstract" (as page type) with input value "Gender-2Dspecific-20differences-20in-20mitochondrial-20function-20and-20free-20radical-20homeostasis-20are-20consistently-20reported-20in-20the-20context-20of-20aging-20and-20associated-20deficits.-20However,-20little-20is-20known-20about-20the-20gender-2Drelated-20roles-20of-20these-20parameters-20in-20the-20pathogenesis-20of-20neurological-20and-20cardiovascular-20disorders-20that-20occur-20early-20in-20life.-0A-0AAim:-20To-20test-20the-20hypothesis-20that-20gender-20disparity-20in-20mitochondria-20function-20and-20ROS-20homeostasis-20starts-20early-20in-20life-20and-20hence-20can-20be-20implicated-20in-20sexual-20dimorphism-20in-20some-20cardiac-20as-20well-20as-20neurological-20disorders.-0A-0AApproach:-20We-20investigated-20heart-20and-20brain-20mitochondrial-20respiratory-20function-20in-20young-20(2-2D4-20months)-20male-20and-20female-20wild-2Dtype-20C57BL6J-20mice,-20by-20high-2Dresolution-20respirometry.-20Parallel-20productions-20of-20ROS-20by-20respiring-20mitochondria-20or-20active-20NADPH-20oxidases-20(NOXs)-20were-20also-20assessed-20using-20high-2Dresolution-20oxymetry,-20fluorescence-20assays,-20and-20electron-20paramagnetic-20resonance-20(EPR)-20spin-20trapping-20techniques.-20-0A-0AResults:-20Although-20mitochondrial-20respiratory-20activity-20in-20the-20heart-20did-20not-20significantly-20vary-20between-20genders,-20female-20brains-20exhibited-20enhanced-20activity-20during-20state-203,-20state-204,-20and-20maximally-20uncoupled-20respiration.-20This-20was-20associated-20with-20lower-20rates-20of-20hydrogen-20peroxide-20production-20in-20female-20cardiac-20and-20brain-20tissues.-20Furthermore,-20no-20gender-20differences-20have-20been-20detected-20in-20Nox2-20and-20Nox4-20proteins-20or-20activities-20in-20brain-20homogenate-20or-20freshly-20isolated-20synaptosomes.-20However,-20a-20strong-20trend-20of-20increased-20EPR-2Ddetected-20NOX-2Dsuperoxide-20in-20male-20synaptosomes-20hinted-20at-20gender-2Dspecific-20discrepancy-20in-20antioxidant-20enzymes.-20Indeed,-20we-20found-20that-20superoxide-20dismutase-20(SOD)-20activity-20was-20higher-20in-20female-20brains-20using-20two-20independent-20approaches.-20-0A-0AConclusion:-20Taken-20together,-20our-20results-20indicate-20that-20gender-20differences-20in-20mitochondrial-20bioenergetics-20and-20ROS-20production-20occur-20at-20young-20age,-20and-20that-20differences-20in-20superoxide-20dismutation-20capacity-20may-20be-20primarily-20responsible-20for-20gender-20differences-20in-20ROS-20homeostasis.-20These-20findings-20may-20eventually-20assist-20in-20the-20understanding-20of-20sexual-20dimorphism-20in-20some-20disorders-20that-20occur-20early-20in-20life." contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.

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