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Property "Has-20abstract" (as page type) with input value "Nowadays,-20cardiovascular-20diseases-20are-20the-20leading-20cause-20of-20mortality-20and-20morbitidy-20worldwide.-20In-20turn,-20atherosclerosis,-20mainly-20cause-20of-20cardiovascular-20diseases,-20is-20an-20inflammatory-20and-20chronic-20pathology-20characterized-20by-20the-20accumulation-20of-20lipids-20and-20cellular-20elements-20in-20the-20intima-20layer-20of-20arteries-20of-20medium-20and-20large-20caliber.-20Abnormal-20production-20of-20reactive-20species-20related-20to-20several-20risk-20factors-20for-20this-20pathology,-20and-20consequently-20the-20oxidative-20modification-20of-20low-20density-20lipoprotein-20(LDL)-20play-20an-20important-20role-20in-20the-20pathogenesis-20of-20this-20condition.-20One-20possible-20method-20to-20prevent-20atherosclerotic-20diseases-20would-20be-20the-20administration-20of-20antioxidant-20substances-20thereby-20making-20LDL-20less-20sensitive-20to-20this-20oxidative-20process,-20preventing-20or-20delaying-20the-20disease-20progression.-20For-20this-20reason,-20the-20inclusion-20of-20dietary-20antioxidants-20represents-20a-20concrete-20alternative-20in-20controlling-20the-20progression-20of-20atherogenesis.-20Fucoxanthin,-20a-20carotenoid-20extracted-20from-20edible-20brown-20seaweed,-20has-20excellent-20anti-2Dinflamatory-20and-20antioxidative-20activities-20already-20demonstrated-20in-20several-20experimental-20models.-20In-20this-20context,-20the-20objective-20of-20this-20study-20was-20to-20investigate-20the-20potential-20antioxidant-20and-20antiatherogenic-20effects-20of-20the-20compound-20fucoxanthin-20on-20the-20inhibition-20of-20human-20isolated-20LDL-20oxidation,-20as-20well-20on-20macrophages-20J774-20expose-20to-20oxidized-20LDL-20(oxLDL).-20Initially,-20we-20evaluated-20the-20protective-20effects-20of-20fucoxanthin-20on-20human-20Cu-3Csup-3E2+-3C-2Fsup-3E-2Dinduced-20human-20LDL-20oxidation.-20The-20compound-20caused-20a-20concentration-2Ddependent-20inhibition-20on-20the-20LDL-20lipoperoxidation.-20Furthermore,-20the-20protein-20moieties-20oxidation-20from-20human-20isolated-20LDL-20was-20also-20inhibited-20in-20a-20concentration-2Ddependent-20manner.-20Considering-20the-20antioxidative-20protective-20effects-20of-20fucoxanthin,-20and-20considering-20the-20involvement-20of-20oxLDL-20in-20the-20pathogenesis-20of-20atherosclerosis,-20we-20investigated-20the-20protective-20effects-20of-20fucoxanthin-20on-20oxLDL-2Dmediated-20cytotoxic-20effects-20in-20murine-20macrophage-20cells.-20The-2024-20hours-20pre-2Dtreatment-20with-20fucoxanthin-20reduced-20the-20cytotoxic-20effects-20caused-20by-20oxLDL,-20including-20elevated-20production-20of-20reactive-20oxygen-20and-20nitrogen-20species-20(ROS-2FRNS),-20disturbance-20of-20.NO-20homeostasis,-20reduction-20of-20intracellular-20levels-20of-20reduced-20glutathione-20(GSH),-20foam-20cell-20formation-20and-20impairment-20in-20mitochondrial-20bioenergetics.-20The-20potential-20antiatherogenic-20effect-20of-20fucoxanthin-20was-20related-20to-20its-20ability-20of-20scavenging-20free-20radicals,-20as-20well-20as-20activating-20transcription-20factors-20as-20Nrf-2D2,-20and-20inhibit-20the-20activity-20of-20NF-2DϰB,-20as-20reported-20in-20the-20literature.-20The-20results-20indicate-20a-20beneficial-20role-20of-20fucoxanthin-20in-20atherogenesis-20by-20preventing-20oxidative-20events-20that-20may-20contribute-20to-20disease-20progression." contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.

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