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Property "Has-20abstract" (as page type) with input value "Synthetic-20cathinones-20are-20popular-20psychoactive-20substances-20that-20may-20cause-20skeletal-20muscle-20damage.-20In-20addition-20to-20indirect-20sympathomimetic-20myotoxicity,-20these-20substances-20could-20be-20directly-20myotoxic.-20Since-20studies-20in-20myocytes-20are-20currently-20lacking,-20the-20aim-20of-20the-20present-20study-20was-20to-20investigate-20potential-20toxicological-20effects-20by-20synthetic-20cathinones-20on-20C2C12-20myoblasts-20(mouse-20skeletal-20muscle-20cell-20line).-20We-20exposed-20C2C12-20myoblasts-20to-203-2Dmethylmethcathinone,-204-2Dmethylmethcathinone-20(mephedrone),-203,4-2Dmethylenedioxymethcathinone-20(methylone),-203,4-2Dmethylenedioxypyrovalerone-20(MDPV),-20alpha-2Dpyrrolidinovalerophenone-20(α-2DPVP),-20and-20naphthylpyrovalerone-20(naphyrone)-20for-201-20or-2024-20h-20before-20cell-20membrane-20integrity,-20ATP-20content,-20mitochondrial-20oxygen-20consumption,-20and-20mitochondrial-20superoxide-20production-20was-20measured.-203,4-2DMethylenedioxymethamphetamine-20(MDMA)-20was-20included-20as-20a-20reference-20compound.-20All-20investigated-20synthetic-20cathinones,-20as-20well-20as-20MDMA,-20impaired-20cell-20membrane-20integrity,-20depleted-20ATP-20levels,-20and-20increased-20mitochondrial-20superoxide-20concentrations-20in-20a-20concentration-2Ddependent-20manner-20in-20the-20range-20of-2050⁻2000-20μM.-20The-20two-20pyrovalerone-20derivatives-20α-2DPVP-20and-20naphyrone,-20and-20MDMA,-20additionally-20impaired-20basal-20and-20maximal-20cellular-20respiration,-20suggesting-20mitochondrial-20dysfunction.-20Alpha-2DPVP-20inhibited-20complex-20I,-20naphyrone-20complex-20II,-20and-20MDMA-20complex-20I-20and-20III,-20whereas-20complex-20IV-20was-20not-20affected.-20We-20conclude-20that,-20in-20addition-20to-20sympathetic-20nervous-20system-20effects-20and-20strenuous-20muscle-20exercise,-20direct-20effects-20of-20some-20cathinones-20on-20skeletal-20muscle-20mitochondria-20may-20contribute-20to-20myotoxicity-20in-20susceptible-20synthetic-20cathinone-20drugs-20users." contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.

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