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Property "Has-20abstract" (as page type) with input value "The-20permeability-20transition-20pore-20(PTP)-20is-20a-20large-20channel-20of-20the-20mitochondrial-20inner-0Amembrane,-20the-20opening-20of-20which-20is-20the-20central-20event-20in-20many-20types-20of-20stress-2Dinduced-20cell-0Adeath.-20PTP-20opening-20is-20induced-20by-20elevated-20concentrations-20of-20mitochondrial-20calcium.-20It-20has-0Abeen-20demonstrated-20that-20spermine-20and-20other-20polyamines-20can-20delay-20calcium-2Dinduced-0Aswelling-20of-20isolated-20mitochondria,-20suggesting-20their-20role-20as-20inhibitors-20of-20the-20mitochondrial-0APTP.-20Here-20we-20further-20investigated-20the-20mechanism-20by-20which-20spermine-20inhibits-20the-20calciuminduced,-0Acyclosporine-20A-20(CSA)-20-2D-20sensitive-20PTP-20by-20using-20three-20indicators:-201)-20calcium-20release-0Afrom-20the-20mitochondria-20detected-20with-20calcium-20green,-202)-20mitochondrial-20membrane-0Adepolarization-20using-20TMRM,-20and-203)-20mitochondrial-20swelling-20by-20measuring-20light-0Aabsorbance.-20We-20found-20that-20despite-20calcium-20release-20and-20membrane-20depolarization,-0Aindicative-20of-20PTP-20activation,-20mitochondria-20underwent-20only-20partial-20swelling-20in-20the-20presence-0Aof-20spermine.-20This-20was-20in-20striking-20contrast-20to-20the-20high-2Damplitude-20swelling-20detected-20in-0Acontrol-20mitochondria-20and-20in-20mitochondria-20treated-20with-20the-20PTP-20inhibitor-20CSA.-20We-0Aconclude-20that-20spermine-20selectively-20prevents-20opening-20of-20the-20high-2Dconductance-20state,-20while-0Aallowing-20activation-20of-20the-20lower-20conductance-20state-20of-20the-20PTP.-20We-20propose-20that-20the-0Aexistence-20of-20lower-20conductance,-20stress-2Dinduced-20PTP-20might-20play-20an-20important-20physiological-0Arole,-20as-20it-20is-20expected-20to-20allow-20the-20release-20of-20toxic-20levels-20of-20calcium,-20while-20keeping-20important-0Amolecules-20(e.g.,-20NAD)-20within-20the-20mitochondrial-20matrix." contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.

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