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Difference between revisions of "Troubleshooting: fluorescence module"

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== Zero fluorescence signal ==
== Zero fluorescence signal ==
::: '''Problem:''' The raw fluorescence signal is 0 V with and without the fluorescence dye.
::: '''Problem:''' The raw fluorescence signal is 0 V with and without the fluorescence dye.
:::'''Solution:''' To identify cause of the problem, please go through the following check-list:
:::'''Solution:''' To identify and resolve the cause of the problem, please go through the following check-list:
:::: 1. Check that the Fluo-Sensors are connected to the O2k and inserted into the O2k-chamber in the right position. See: [[O2k-Fluo_Smart-Module#Connect_Fluorescence-Sensor_to_O2k |O2k-Fluo_Smart-Module#Connect_Fluorescence-Sensor_to_O2k]].
:::: 1. Check that the Fluo-Sensors are connected to the O2k and inserted into the O2k-chamber front window in the correct position. See: [[O2k-Fluo_Smart-Module#Connect_Fluorescence-Sensor_to_O2k |O2k-Fluo_Smart-Module#Connect_Fluorescence-Sensor_to_O2k]].


:::: 2. Check that the [[Fluorescence-Control Unit]] is properly connected to the O2k of series D-G.
:::: 2. For O2k series D-G, check that the [[Fluorescence-Control Unit]] is properly connected to the O2k and switched on.


:::: 3. In DatLab check that:
:::: 3. In DatLab check that:
::::: a) the [[Illumination on/off|illumination]] is switched off in the ´[[O2k control]]´window.
::::: a) the chamber [[Illumination on/off|illumination]] is switched off in the ´[[O2k control]]´window.
::::: b) the gain for Fluo-Sensor and the Fluo intensity are set to a number greater than 0 in the 'Amperometric,Amp' tab of the ´[[O2k control]]´ window.
::::: b) the Fluo intensity is set to a number greater than 0 in the 'Amperometric,Amp' tab of the ´[[O2k control]]´ window. To test, set the gain for Fluo-sensor at the maximum.
:::: 4. If all the above-mentioned settings and set up are correct and the detected signal with the Fluo-Sensor is still 0, perform the following test to localize the problem:
:::: 4. If all the above-mentioned settings and set up are correctly and the detected signal with the Fluo-Sensor is still 0, perform the following test to localize the problem:
::::::Add distilled water or respiration medium into the O2k-chamber (without sample), insert the black stopper and change the settings for fluorometric measurements: Gain=1000; Fluo intensity (Serie H or higher) or Polarisation voltage (Series D-G)=500.
::::::Add distilled water or respiration medium into the O2k-chamber (without sample and fluorescence dye), insert the black stopper and change the settings for fluorometric measurements: Gain=1000; Fluo intensity (Serie H or higher) or Polarization voltage (Series D-G)=500.
 
::::::* Let it run for 5 min with Fluo-Sensor A in chamber A and Fluo-Sensor B in chamber B.
::::::* 1. run: Fluo-Sensor A in chamber A and Fluo-Sensor B in chamber B (let it run for 5 min)
::::::* Swap the Fluo-sensors and set event “swap sensor”, write in the comment box which sensor is in which chamber.
::::::* 2. run: Fluo-Sensor A in chamber B and Fluo-Sensor B in chamber A (let it run for 5 min)
::::::* Let it run for 5 min.
:::::: If the problem is with the Fluo-Sensor, the fluorescence signal will be 0 V with the faulty Fluo-Sensor in both chambers. In this case, the Fluo-Sensor should be shipped to us for repairs.  
:::::: If the problem is with the Fluo-Sensor, the fluorescence signal will be 0 V with the faulty Fluo-Sensor in both chambers. In this case, the Fluo-Sensor should be shipped to us for repairs.  
:::::: If the problem is with the O2k or the O2k-LED2 Fluo-Module, 0 V fluorescence signal can be observed just in one chamber with two different Fluo-Sensors. In this case, the O2k or the Fluorescence-Control Unit (Series D-G) should be shipped to us for repairs. In some cases, the defect of the Fluorescence-Control Unit (Series D-G) leads to 0 V in both chambers.
:::::: If the problem is with the O2k or the O2k-LED2 Fluo-Module, 0 V fluorescence signal can be observed just in one chamber with two different Fluo-Sensors. In this case, the O2k or the Fluorescence-Control Unit (Series D-G) should be shipped to us for repairs. In some cases, the defect of the Fluorescence-Control Unit (Series D-G) leads to 0 V in both chambers.
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::: '''Problem:''' The raw fluorescence signal is noisy to such an extent that the evaluation of the results is not possible.  
::: '''Problem:''' The raw fluorescence signal is noisy to such an extent that the evaluation of the results is not possible.  
:::'''Solution:''' To localize the problem, perform the following test:
:::'''Solution:''' To localize the problem, perform the following test:
::::* Add distilled water or respiration medium into the O2k-chamber (without sample), insert the black stopper and change the settings for fluorometric measurements: Gain=1000; Fluo intensity (Serie H or higher) or Polarisation voltage (Series D-G)=500.
::::* Add distilled water or respiration medium into the O2k-chamber (without sample and fluorescence dye), insert the black stopper and change the settings for fluorometric measurements: Gain=1000; Fluo intensity (Serie H or higher) or Polarization voltage (Series D-G)=500.
::::::* 1. run: Fluo-Sensor A in chamber A and Fluo-Sensor B in chamber B (let it run for 5 min)
::::::* Let it run for 5 min with Fluo-Sensor A in chamber A and Fluo-Sensor B in chamber B.
::::::* 2. run: Fluo-Sensor A in chamber B and Fluo-Sensor B in chamber A (let it run for 5 min)
::::::* Swap the Fluo-sensors and set event “swap sensor”, write in the comment box which sensor is in which chamber.
::::::* Let it run for 5 min.
:::::: If the problem is with the Fluo-Sensor, the fluorescence signal will be noisy with the faulty Fluo-Sensor in both chambers. In this case, the Fluo-Sensor should be shipped to us for repairs.  
:::::: If the problem is with the Fluo-Sensor, the fluorescence signal will be noisy with the faulty Fluo-Sensor in both chambers. In this case, the Fluo-Sensor should be shipped to us for repairs.  
:::::: If the problem is with O2k or the O2k-LED2 Fluo-Module, the fluorescence signal is noisy in one chamber with two different Fluo-Sensors (see example below). In this case, the O2k or the Fluorescence-Control Unit (Series D-G) should be shipped to us for repairs. If the noise occurs in both chambers, the Fluo-Sensors and the O2k (and Fluorescence-Control Unit - series D-G) should be shipped to us.  
:::::: If the problem is with the O2k or the O2k-LED2 Fluo-Module, the fluorescence signal is noisy in one chamber with two different Fluo-Sensors (see example below). In this case, the O2k or the Fluorescence-Control Unit (Series D-G) should be shipped to us for repairs. If the noise occurs in both chambers, the Fluo-Sensors and the O2k (and Fluorescence-Control Unit - series D-G) should be shipped to us.  
::::: Please contact our [https://www.oroboros.at/index.php/o2k-technical-support/ O2k-technical Support] to analyze your problem before shipment. Be sure to always send us original DatLab files with the above-mentioned tests to evaluate Fluo-Sensor performance.
::::: Please contact our [https://www.oroboros.at/index.php/o2k-technical-support/ O2k-technical Support] to analyze your problem before shipment. Be sure to always send us original DatLab files with the above-mentioned tests to evaluate Fluo-Sensor performance.
:::: '''Example: Problem with O2k or O2k-LED2 Fluo-Module'''
:::: '''Example: Problem with O2k or O2k-LED2 Fluo-Module'''
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::::'''Problem:'''  The fluorescence signal of one Fluo-Sensor is negative.
::::'''Problem:'''  The fluorescence signal of one Fluo-Sensor is negative.
:::: '''Solution:''' To localize the problem, perform the following test:
:::: '''Solution:''' To localize the problem, perform the following test:
::::* Add distilled water or respiration medium (without sample) into the O2k-chamber, insert the black stopper, and change the settings for fluorometric measurements: Gain=1000; Fluo intensity (Series H or higher) or Polarisation voltage (Series D-G) = 500.
::::* Add distilled water or respiration medium (without sample and fluorescence dye) into the O2k-chamber, insert the black stopper, and change the settings for fluorometric measurements: Gain=1000; Fluo intensity (Series H or higher) or Polarization voltage (Series D-G) = 500.
::::::* 1. run: Fluo-Sensor A in chamber A and Fluo-Sensor B in chamber B (let it run for 5 min)
::::::* Let it run for 5 min with Fluo-Sensor A in chamber A and Fluo-Sensor B in chamber B.
::::::* 2. run: Fluo-Sensor A in chamber B and Fluo-Sensor B in chamber A (let it run for 5 min)
::::::* Swap the Fluo-sensors and set event “swap sensor”, write in the comment box which sensor is in which chamber.
::::::* Let it run for 5 min.
:::::: The problem is related to one of the Fluo-Sensors, if you observe a negative signal in both chambers after swapping them. The negative signal might be related to a wet plug of the Fluo-Sensor. The solution is to dry it out with ''e.g.'' a hair dryer and let it run connected to the O2k (25 °C, illumination off, distilled water in the O2k-chamber, gain for Fluo-Sensor 1000, fluorescence intensity=500) for a couple of days in a dry and warm environment. If this treatment does not solve the problem and you get still negative fluorescence values, the Fluo-Sensor should be sent back to us for further investigation.  
:::::: The problem is related to one of the Fluo-Sensors, if you observe a negative signal in both chambers after swapping them. The negative signal might be related to a wet plug of the Fluo-Sensor. The solution is to dry it out with ''e.g.'' a hair dryer and let it run connected to the O2k (25 °C, illumination off, distilled water in the O2k-chamber, gain for Fluo-Sensor 1000, fluorescence intensity=500) for a couple of days in a dry and warm environment. If this treatment does not solve the problem and you get still negative fluorescence values, the Fluo-Sensor should be sent back to us for further investigation.  
::: Please contact our [[O2k-technical support]] to analyze your problem before shipment. Be sure to always send us original DatLab files with the above-mentioned tests to evaluate Fluo-Sensor performance.  
::: Please contact our [[O2k-technical support]] to analyze your problem before shipment. Be sure to always send us original DatLab files with the above-mentioned tests to evaluate Fluo-Sensor performance.  
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::::[[File:Anne Laure Charles files.png|700px]]
::::[[File:Anne Laure Charles files.png|700px]]
:::: The fluorescence signal was negative in both chambers after swapping the Fluo-Sensors, but the signal changed after swapping the sensors, which means that the problem is located to the Fluo-Sensors. In this case, both Fluo-Sensors should be shipped to the electronic workshop.  
:::: The fluorescence signal was negative in both chambers after swapping the Fluo-Sensors, but the signal changed after swapping the sensors, which means that the problem is located to the Fluo-Sensors. In this case, both Fluo-Sensors should be shipped to the electronic workshop.  
== Fluorescence signal is constantly at 10 V==
== Fluorescence signal is constantly at 10 V==


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::::2. The photodiode filters must be inserted, otherwise the light emitted from the LED will not be filtered. Information on how to mount the filter cap- » [[Filter-Cap#Mounting_a_Filter-Cap|here]].
::::2. The photodiode filters must be inserted, otherwise the light emitted from the LED will not be filtered. Information on how to mount the filter cap- » [[Filter-Cap#Mounting_a_Filter-Cap|here]].
::::3. [[O2k-Fluo_Smart-Module#Stoppers|Black PEEK stoppers]] must be used.
::::3. [[O2k-Fluo_Smart-Module#Stoppers|Black PEEK stoppers]] must be used.
::::4. The fluorescence intensity cannot be set too high. Check in the [[Amperometric,Amp]] tab of the ´[[O2k control]]´ window.
::::4. The fluorescence intensity should not be set too high. The settings might vary for each application or fluorophore. Check also the gain (amplification of the signal) settings. If necessary, decrease fluorescence intensity and/or gain to obtain an initial voltage lower than 5 V, but higher than 0 V. Check in the [[Amperometric,Amp]] tab of the ´[[O2k control]]´ window.
::: If all the above-mentioned settings and set up are correct and the detected signal is still at 10 V (out of scale), the O2k (and Fluorescence-Control Unit - series D-G) or/and the Fluo-Sensors should be shipped to us.  
::: If all the above-mentioned settings and set up are correctly and the detected signal is still at 10 V (out of scale), the O2k (and Fluorescence-Control Unit - series D-G) or/and the Fluo-Sensors should be shipped to us.  
::: Please contact our [https://www.oroboros.at/index.php/o2k-technical-support/ O2k-technical Support] to analyze your problem before shipment. Be sure to always send us original DatLab files with the above-mentioned tests to evaluate Fluo-Sensor performance.
::: Please contact our [https://www.oroboros.at/index.php/o2k-technical-support/ O2k-technical Support] to analyze your problem before shipment. Be sure to always send us original DatLab files with the above-mentioned tests to evaluate Fluo-Sensor performance.
== High fluorescence signal ==
::::'''Problem:'''  The fluorescence signal is suddenly higher in one or both chambers even before adding dye or sample.
::::'''Solution:''' The problem might be related to the position of the filters inserted onto the Fluo-Sensors. First, check whether the filters are in the correct position and have not shifted. If this does not solve the problem, perform the following test to localize the problem:
::::::Add distilled water or respiration medium into the O2k-chamber (without sample and fluorescence dye), insert the black stopper and change the settings for fluorometric measurements: Gain=1000; Fluo intensity (Serie H or higher) or Polarization voltage (Series D-G)=500.
::::::* Let it run for 5 min with Fluo-Sensor A in chamber A and Fluo-Sensor B in chamber B.
::::::* Swap the Fluo-sensors and set event “swap sensor”, write in the comment box which sensor is in which chamber.
::::::* Let it run for 5 min.
:::::: If the problem is with one of the Fluo-Sensors, the fluorescence signal will be high with the faulty Fluo-Sensor in both chambers. In this case, the Fluo-Sensor should be shipped to us for repairs.
:::::: If the problem is with the O2k or the O2k-LED2 Fluo-Module, the fluorescence signal is high in one chamber with two different Fluo-Sensors. In this case, the O2k or the Fluorescence-Control Unit (Series D-G) should be shipped to us for repairs. If the signal is high in both chambers, the Fluo-Sensors and the O2k (and Fluorescence-Control Unit - series D-G) should be shipped to us.
::::: Please contact our [https://www.oroboros.at/index.php/o2k-technical-support/ O2k-technical Support] to analyze your problem before shipment. Be sure to always send us original DatLab files with the above-mentioned tests to evaluate Fluo-Sensor performance.
:::: For more information on how to assemble the Fluo-Sensors and how to change the filters, see:
::::» [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nlVLXcbBRqs Smart Fluo-Sensor assembly]
::::» [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eUukvgAi1yY Exchanging a filter set of the Fluo-Sensors]
[[File:Questions.jpg|left|40px]]
[[File:Questions.jpg|left|40px]]
== Useful links ==
== Useful links ==
Line 71: Line 88:
::::» [[MiPNet06.05 Specifications | Sole source information]]
::::» [[MiPNet06.05 Specifications | Sole source information]]
::::» [[Oroboros O2k]]
::::» [[Oroboros O2k]]
::::» [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nlVLXcbBRqs Smart Fluo-Sensor assembly]
::::» [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eUukvgAi1yY Exchanging a filter set of the Fluo-Sensors]

Revision as of 09:08, 30 July 2021


                  


O2k-Open Support

Troubleshooting: fluorescence module



Template NextGen-O2k.jpg


MitoPedia O2k and high-resolution respirometry: O2k-Open Support 



In the following page, the most common problems occurring with either the O2k-Fluo Smart-Module or O2k-Fluo LED2-Module are summarized. The problem can be related to (a) the fluorescence settings in DatLab, (b) the fluorescence sensors, (c) the Fluorescence-Control Unit (in the case of the O2k-Fluo LED2-Module), or (d) the O2k.

Zero fluorescence signal

Problem: The raw fluorescence signal is 0 V with and without the fluorescence dye.
Solution: To identify and resolve the cause of the problem, please go through the following check-list:
1. Check that the Fluo-Sensors are connected to the O2k and inserted into the O2k-chamber front window in the correct position. See: O2k-Fluo_Smart-Module#Connect_Fluorescence-Sensor_to_O2k.
2. For O2k series D-G, check that the Fluorescence-Control Unit is properly connected to the O2k and switched on.
3. In DatLab check that:
a) the chamber illumination is switched off in the ´O2k control´window.
b) the Fluo intensity is set to a number greater than 0 in the 'Amperometric,Amp' tab of the ´O2k control´ window. To test, set the gain for Fluo-sensor at the maximum.
4. If all the above-mentioned settings and set up are correctly and the detected signal with the Fluo-Sensor is still 0, perform the following test to localize the problem:
Add distilled water or respiration medium into the O2k-chamber (without sample and fluorescence dye), insert the black stopper and change the settings for fluorometric measurements: Gain=1000; Fluo intensity (Serie H or higher) or Polarization voltage (Series D-G)=500.
  • Let it run for 5 min with Fluo-Sensor A in chamber A and Fluo-Sensor B in chamber B.
  • Swap the Fluo-sensors and set event “swap sensor”, write in the comment box which sensor is in which chamber.
  • Let it run for 5 min.
If the problem is with the Fluo-Sensor, the fluorescence signal will be 0 V with the faulty Fluo-Sensor in both chambers. In this case, the Fluo-Sensor should be shipped to us for repairs.
If the problem is with the O2k or the O2k-LED2 Fluo-Module, 0 V fluorescence signal can be observed just in one chamber with two different Fluo-Sensors. In this case, the O2k or the Fluorescence-Control Unit (Series D-G) should be shipped to us for repairs. In some cases, the defect of the Fluorescence-Control Unit (Series D-G) leads to 0 V in both chambers.
Please contact our O2k-technical Support to analyze your problem before shipment. Be sure to always send us original DatLab files with the above-mentioned tests to evaluate Fluo-Sensor performance.

Noisy fluorescence signal

Problem: The raw fluorescence signal is noisy to such an extent that the evaluation of the results is not possible.
Solution: To localize the problem, perform the following test:
  • Add distilled water or respiration medium into the O2k-chamber (without sample and fluorescence dye), insert the black stopper and change the settings for fluorometric measurements: Gain=1000; Fluo intensity (Serie H or higher) or Polarization voltage (Series D-G)=500.
  • Let it run for 5 min with Fluo-Sensor A in chamber A and Fluo-Sensor B in chamber B.
  • Swap the Fluo-sensors and set event “swap sensor”, write in the comment box which sensor is in which chamber.
  • Let it run for 5 min.
If the problem is with the Fluo-Sensor, the fluorescence signal will be noisy with the faulty Fluo-Sensor in both chambers. In this case, the Fluo-Sensor should be shipped to us for repairs.
If the problem is with the O2k or the O2k-LED2 Fluo-Module, the fluorescence signal is noisy in one chamber with two different Fluo-Sensors (see example below). In this case, the O2k or the Fluorescence-Control Unit (Series D-G) should be shipped to us for repairs. If the noise occurs in both chambers, the Fluo-Sensors and the O2k (and Fluorescence-Control Unit - series D-G) should be shipped to us.
Please contact our O2k-technical Support to analyze your problem before shipment. Be sure to always send us original DatLab files with the above-mentioned tests to evaluate Fluo-Sensor performance.
Example: Problem with O2k or O2k-LED2 Fluo-Module
Provided by Hazirah Hassan, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, hazy_hassan@yahoo.com
Hassan Hazirah 1.test.png
Hassan Hazirah 2.test.png
Hassan Hazirah biological sample.png
After changing the Fluo-Sensors between the O2k-chambers, the problem is related to the O2k or O2k-LED2 Fluo-Module since the fluorescence signal is negative and unstable in chamber B with both Fluo-Sensors. In the third figure, the fluorescence signal is very unstable in chamber B, which makes the experiment hard to interpret. Both the O2k and the LED2 Fluo-Module should be shipped to our electronic workshop.

Negative fluorescence signal

Problem: The fluorescence signal of one Fluo-Sensor is negative.
Solution: To localize the problem, perform the following test:
  • Add distilled water or respiration medium (without sample and fluorescence dye) into the O2k-chamber, insert the black stopper, and change the settings for fluorometric measurements: Gain=1000; Fluo intensity (Series H or higher) or Polarization voltage (Series D-G) = 500.
  • Let it run for 5 min with Fluo-Sensor A in chamber A and Fluo-Sensor B in chamber B.
  • Swap the Fluo-sensors and set event “swap sensor”, write in the comment box which sensor is in which chamber.
  • Let it run for 5 min.
The problem is related to one of the Fluo-Sensors, if you observe a negative signal in both chambers after swapping them. The negative signal might be related to a wet plug of the Fluo-Sensor. The solution is to dry it out with e.g. a hair dryer and let it run connected to the O2k (25 °C, illumination off, distilled water in the O2k-chamber, gain for Fluo-Sensor 1000, fluorescence intensity=500) for a couple of days in a dry and warm environment. If this treatment does not solve the problem and you get still negative fluorescence values, the Fluo-Sensor should be sent back to us for further investigation.
Please contact our O2k-technical support to analyze your problem before shipment. Be sure to always send us original DatLab files with the above-mentioned tests to evaluate Fluo-Sensor performance.
Example: Provided by Anne Laure Charles, FR_Strasbourg_Zoll J,anne laure charles <anne.laure.charles@outlook.fr
Anne Laure Charles files.png
The fluorescence signal was negative in both chambers after swapping the Fluo-Sensors, but the signal changed after swapping the sensors, which means that the problem is located to the Fluo-Sensors. In this case, both Fluo-Sensors should be shipped to the electronic workshop.

Fluorescence signal is constantly at 10 V

Problem: The fluorescence signal is constantly at the 10 V upper limit when using the O2k-Fluo Smart-Module or O2k-Fluo LED2-Module.
Solution: This is probably due to high light exposure to the photodiode. Check the following parameters:
1. The chamber illumination must be switched off. Check it in the O2k control window.
2. The photodiode filters must be inserted, otherwise the light emitted from the LED will not be filtered. Information on how to mount the filter cap- » here.
3. Black PEEK stoppers must be used.
4. The fluorescence intensity should not be set too high. The settings might vary for each application or fluorophore. Check also the gain (amplification of the signal) settings. If necessary, decrease fluorescence intensity and/or gain to obtain an initial voltage lower than 5 V, but higher than 0 V. Check in the Amperometric,Amp tab of the ´O2k control´ window.
If all the above-mentioned settings and set up are correctly and the detected signal is still at 10 V (out of scale), the O2k (and Fluorescence-Control Unit - series D-G) or/and the Fluo-Sensors should be shipped to us.
Please contact our O2k-technical Support to analyze your problem before shipment. Be sure to always send us original DatLab files with the above-mentioned tests to evaluate Fluo-Sensor performance.

High fluorescence signal

Problem: The fluorescence signal is suddenly higher in one or both chambers even before adding dye or sample.
Solution: The problem might be related to the position of the filters inserted onto the Fluo-Sensors. First, check whether the filters are in the correct position and have not shifted. If this does not solve the problem, perform the following test to localize the problem:
Add distilled water or respiration medium into the O2k-chamber (without sample and fluorescence dye), insert the black stopper and change the settings for fluorometric measurements: Gain=1000; Fluo intensity (Serie H or higher) or Polarization voltage (Series D-G)=500.
  • Let it run for 5 min with Fluo-Sensor A in chamber A and Fluo-Sensor B in chamber B.
  • Swap the Fluo-sensors and set event “swap sensor”, write in the comment box which sensor is in which chamber.
  • Let it run for 5 min.
If the problem is with one of the Fluo-Sensors, the fluorescence signal will be high with the faulty Fluo-Sensor in both chambers. In this case, the Fluo-Sensor should be shipped to us for repairs.
If the problem is with the O2k or the O2k-LED2 Fluo-Module, the fluorescence signal is high in one chamber with two different Fluo-Sensors. In this case, the O2k or the Fluorescence-Control Unit (Series D-G) should be shipped to us for repairs. If the signal is high in both chambers, the Fluo-Sensors and the O2k (and Fluorescence-Control Unit - series D-G) should be shipped to us.
Please contact our O2k-technical Support to analyze your problem before shipment. Be sure to always send us original DatLab files with the above-mentioned tests to evaluate Fluo-Sensor performance.
For more information on how to assemble the Fluo-Sensors and how to change the filters, see:
» Smart Fluo-Sensor assembly
» Exchanging a filter set of the Fluo-Sensors
Questions.jpg

Useful links

» Amplex UltraRed
» Safranin
» TMRM
» Rhodamine 123
» Magnesium Green
» Calcium Green
» O2k-FluoRespirometer manual
» O2k-Fluo LED2-Module
» O2k-Demo experiments
» Sole source information
» Oroboros O2k
» Smart Fluo-Sensor assembly
» Exchanging a filter set of the Fluo-Sensors