Bound energy: Difference between revisions
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|abbr=''B'' [J] | |abbr=''B'' [J] | ||
|description=The '''bound energy''' change in a closed system is that part of the energy change that is always bound to an exchange of heat, | |description=The '''bound energy''' change in a closed system is that part of the [[energy]] change that is always bound to an exchange of [[heat]], | ||
Β β''B'' = β''U'' - β''A'' [Eq. 1] | Β β''B'' = β''U'' - β''A'' [Eq. 1] | ||
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The ''free'' energy change (Helmoltz or Gibbs; β''A'' or β''G'') is the ''total'' energy change (total inner energy or enthalpy, β''U'' or β''H'') of a system minus the ''bound'' energy change. | The ''free'' energy change (Helmoltz or Gibbs; β''A'' or β''G'') is the ''total'' energy change (total inner energy or enthalpy, β''U'' or β''H'') of a system minus the ''bound'' energy change. | ||
Therefore, if a process occurs at equilibrium, when β''G'' = 0, then β''H'' = β''B'', and at β<sub>e</sub>''W'' = 0 (β''H'' = β<sub>e</sub>''Q'' + β<sub>e</sub>''W''; see [[energy]]) we obtain the definition of the bound energy as the heat change taking place in an equilibrium process (eq), | Therefore, if a process occurs at [[equilibrium]], when β''G'' = 0, then β''H'' = β''B'', and at β<sub>e</sub>''W'' = 0 (β''H'' = β<sub>e</sub>''Q'' + β<sub>e</sub>''W''; see [[energy]]) we obtain the definition of the bound energy as the heat change taking place in an equilibrium process (eq), | ||
Β β''B'' = ''T''ββ''S'' = β<sub>e</sub>''Q''<sub>eq</sub> [Eq. 3] | Β β''B'' = ''T''ββ''S'' = β<sub>e</sub>''Q''<sub>eq</sub> [Eq. 3] | ||
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== History == | |||
::::* From [[Kubo 1976 North-Holland]]: "Free energy" is due to H. van Helmholtz (1882), and means that part of the internal energy that can be converted into work, as seen in the equation d''F'' = d''A'' for an isothermal quasi-static process. It was customary to call the remaining part, ''T''d''S'', of the internal energy, d''U'' = d''F''+''T''d''S'', the ''gebundene Energie'' (bound energy), but this is not so common now. Β | ::::* From [[Kubo 1976 North-Holland]]: "Free energy" is due to H. van Helmholtz (1882), and means that part of the internal energy that can be converted into work, as seen in the equation d''F'' = d''A'' for an isothermal quasi-static process. It was customary to call the remaining part, ''T''d''S'', of the internal energy, d''U'' = d''F''+''T''d''S'', the ''gebundene Energie'' (bound energy), but this is not so common now. Β | ||
::::::* IUPAC: Helmholtz energy, ''A'' = ''U'' - ''TS'' [J] | ::::::* IUPAC: Helmholtz energy, ''A'' = ''U'' - ''TS'' [J] | ||
::::::* http://www.eoht.info/page/On+the+Thermodynamics+of+Chemical+Processes 2018-12-27 Β | ::::::* http://www.eoht.info/page/On+the+Thermodynamics+of+Chemical+Processes 2018-12-27 Β | ||
::::* Recalling the term ''bound energy'' | ::::* Recalling the term ''bound energy'' helps to resolve one of the historic battles in thermodynamics [2]. Β | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
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:::# Kubo R (1976) Thermodynamics. An advanced course with problems and solutions. North-Holland Amsterdam, New York. - Β | :::# Kubo R (1976) Thermodynamics. An advanced course with problems and solutions. North-Holland Amsterdam, New York. - Β | ||
:::# Gnaiger E (1994) Negative entropy for living systems: controversy between Nobel Laureates SchrΓΆdinger, Pauling and Perutz. In: What is Controlling Life? (Gnaiger E, Gellerich FN, Wyss M, eds) Modern Trends in BioThermoKinetics 3. Innsbruck Univ Press: 62-70. - [[Gnaiger 1994 BTK-62 |Β»Bioblast linkΒ«]] | :::# Gnaiger E (1994) Negative entropy for living systems: controversy between Nobel Laureates SchrΓΆdinger, Pauling and Perutz. In: What is Controlling Life? (Gnaiger E, Gellerich FN, Wyss M, eds) Modern Trends in BioThermoKinetics 3. Innsbruck Univ Press: 62-70. - [[Gnaiger 1994 BTK-62 |Β»Bioblast linkΒ«]] | ||
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{{MitoPedia concepts | {{MitoPedia concepts | ||
|mitopedia concept=Ergodynamics | |mitopedia concept=Ergodynamics | ||
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Revision as of 19:20, 29 December 2018
Description
The bound energy change in a closed system is that part of the energy change that is always bound to an exchange of heat,
βB = βU - βA [Eq. 1]
βB = βH - βG [Eq. 2]
The free energy change (Helmoltz or Gibbs; βA or βG) is the total energy change (total inner energy or enthalpy, βU or βH) of a system minus the bound energy change.
Therefore, if a process occurs at equilibrium, when βG = 0, then βH = βB, and at βeW = 0 (βH = βeQ + βeW; see energy) we obtain the definition of the bound energy as the heat change taking place in an equilibrium process (eq),
βB = TββS = βeQeq [Eq. 3]
Abbreviation: B [J]
History
- From Kubo 1976 North-Holland: "Free energy" is due to H. van Helmholtz (1882), and means that part of the internal energy that can be converted into work, as seen in the equation dF = dA for an isothermal quasi-static process. It was customary to call the remaining part, TdS, of the internal energy, dU = dF+TdS, the gebundene Energie (bound energy), but this is not so common now.
- IUPAC: Helmholtz energy, A = U - TS [J]
- http://www.eoht.info/page/On+the+Thermodynamics+of+Chemical+Processes 2018-12-27
- Recalling the term bound energy helps to resolve one of the historic battles in thermodynamics [2].
References
- Kubo R (1976) Thermodynamics. An advanced course with problems and solutions. North-Holland Amsterdam, New York. -
- Gnaiger E (1994) Negative entropy for living systems: controversy between Nobel Laureates SchrΓΆdinger, Pauling and Perutz. In: What is Controlling Life? (Gnaiger E, Gellerich FN, Wyss M, eds) Modern Trends in BioThermoKinetics 3. Innsbruck Univ Press: 62-70. - Β»Bioblast linkΒ«
MitoPedia concepts:
Ergodynamics