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Property "Has-20abstract" (as page type) with input value "-5B-5BImage:MITOEAGLE-2Dlogo.jpg-7Cleft-7C100px-7Clink=http:-2F-2Fwww.mitoglobal.org-2Findex.php-2FMITOEAGLE-7CCOST-20Action-20MitoEAGLE-5D-5D-0ALong-2Dchain-20fatty-20acids-20(LCFAs)-20are-20an-20important-20fuel-20for-20heart,-20skeletal-20muscle-20(especially-20type-201,-20myoglobin-2Drich,-20“slow-2Dtwitch”-20muscle),-20and-20liver.-20-20Combustion-20of-20LCFAs-20is-20facilitated-20by-20conversion-20of-20LCFA-2DCoAs-20to-20long-2Dchain-20acylcarnitines-20(LCACs)-20by-20carnitine-20palmitoyltransferase-201-20(CPT1)-20on-20the-20outer-20aspect-20of-20the-20mitochondrial-20membrane,-20followed-20by-20transport-20into-20the-20mitochondrion-20and-20retroconversion-20to-20LCFA-2DCoA-20by-20CPT2-3B-20the-20LCFA-2DCoA-20is-20then-20available-20for-20β-2Doxidation.-20-20The-20match-20between-20LCFA-20availability,-20conversion-20to-20LCACs,-20and-20β-2Doxidation-20is-20not-20perfect,-20leading-20in-20some-20cases-20to-20accumulation-20of-20LCACs-20in-20muscle—for-20instance,-20during-20exercise-20or-20type-202-20diabetes.-20-20Inborn-20errors-20of-20β-2Doxidation-20enzymes-20can-20also-20lead-20to-20accumulation-20of-20LCACs-20and-20other-20lipids-20in-20tissues.-20-20A-20major-20question-20in-20the-20field-20of-20metabolic-20(patho)physiology-20is-20whether-20or-20not-20lipids-20such-20as-20LCACs-20serve-20as-20signaling-20molecules-20or-20“lipotoxins”-20under-20certain-20conditions.-20-20Several-20years-20ago,-20we-20made-20the-20proposal-20that-20some-20acylcarnitines-20activate-20inflammation-20in-20macrophages-20(and-20perhaps-20other-20tissues)-20and-20contribute-20to-20insulin-20resistance.-20-20Follow-20up-20research-20supported-20this-20assertion-20when-20LCACs-20were-20used-20to-20treat-20immune-20and-20muscle-20cells-20in-20culture,-20and-20others-20have-20shown-20that-20blockade-20of-20CPT1-20in-20culture-20alleviates-20fat-2Dinduced-20insulin-20resistance.-20-20Other-20studies-20in-20our-20lab-20and-20those-20of-20others-20support-20the-20idea-20that-20LCACs-20have-20bioactivities-20including-20increasing-20intracellular-20calcium,-20neuronal-20activation,-20and-20mitochondrial-20dysfunction,-20possibly-20by-20acting-20through-20interaction-20with-20membranes.-20-20This-20talk-20will-20provide-20a-20retrospective-20overview-20of-20LCAC-2Dassociated-20cell-20stress-20responses,-20and-20will-20also-20highlight-20an-20emerging-20role-20for-20myoglobin-20as-20a-20LCFA-2FLCAC-20binding-20protein.-20-20We-20speculate-20that-20this-20interaction-20is-20important-20to-20control-20intracellular-20free-20concentrations-20and-20trafficking-20of-20LCACs-20and-20LCFAs,-20hence-20possibly-20playing-20a-20role-20in-20pathological-20and-20physiological-20actions-20of-20these-20lipids-20in-20skeletal-20muscle-20and-20cardiac-20myocytes." contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.

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