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Property "Has-20abstract" (as page type) with input value "Anabolic-20androgenic-20steroids-20(AAS)-20such-20as-20nandrolone-20decanoate-20(ND)-20are-20synthetic-20hormones-20derived-20from-20testosterone.-20It-20is-20known-20that-20one-20of-20the-20most-20important-20adverse-20effects-20of-20abusive-20administration-20of-20these-20steroids-20is-20the-20increase-20in-20aggressive-20behavior.-20Evidence-20indicates-20that-20high-20doses-20of-20AAS-20alter-20morphology-20and-20cause-20hyperactivation-20of-20glutamatergic-20synapses-20which-20correlates-20with-20an-20aggressive-20exacerbated-20phenotype.-20Physiologically,-20glutamate-20is-20considered-20the-20main-20excitatory-20neurotransmitter-20in-20the-20mammalian-20brain.-20At-20high-20glutamate-20levels,-20occurs-20neuronal-20hyperexcitability-20mainly-20through-20the-20ionotropic-20N-2Dmethyl-2Dd-2Daspartate-20(NMDAr)-20type-20of-20glutamatergic-20receptors-20and,-20consequently,-20changes-20in-20mitochondrial-20metabolism.-20Existing-20transporters-20in-20astrocytes-20predominantly-20perform-20the-20termination-20of-20glutamatergic-20excitatory-20signaling.-20In-20this-20sense,-20the-20GLT-2D1-20glutamate-20astrocytic-20transporter-20is-20responsible-20for-20more-20than-2090-25-20of-20glutamate-20removal-20from-20the-20synaptic-20cleft,-20contributing-20significantly-20to-20the-20maintenance-20of-20glutamatergic-20signaling-20homeostasis.-20Administration-20of-20the-20β-2Dlactam-20antibiotic-20ceftriaxone-20(CEF)-20increases-20GLT-2D1-20expression-20and-20decreases-20glutamatergic-20hyperexcitability,-20which-20could-20potentially-20counteract-20brain-20mechanisms-20associated-20to-20increased-20aggressive-20phenotype-20mediated-20by-20nandrolone-20decanoate-20(ND).-20However,-20a-20possible-20molecular-20and-20behavioral-20interaction-20has-20not-20yet-20been-20explored-20in-20context.-20Thus,-20the-20primary-20objective-20of-20this-20work-20was-20to-20investigate-20whether-20increased-20expression-20of-20the-20GLT-2D1-20astrocyte-20transporter-20modulates-20the-20glutamatergic-20mechanisms-20involved-20in-20ND-2Dinduced-20aggressive-20phenotype,-20and-20mitochondrial-20activity.-20Sixty-2Dday-2Dold-20male-20CF-2D1-20mice-20were-20spanided-20into-204-20groups:-20oil-20vehicle-20(VEH),-20nandrolone-20(ND),-20ceftriaxone-20(CEF)-20and-20nandrolone-20+-20ceftriaxone-20(ND-20-2F-20CEF).-20Nandrolone-20was-20injected-20subcutaneously-20(15mg-20-2F-20kg)-20for-2019-20days.-20Ceftriaxone-20(200mg-20-2F-20kg)-20or-20saline-20solution-20were-20administered-20intraperitoneally-20for-205-20days.-20After-20the-20last-20injection,-20the-20latency-20for-20the-20first-20attack-20and-20the-20number-20of-20attacks-20on-20the-20intruder-20test-20were-20evaluated.-20The-20animals-20were-20sacrificed-20after-20the-20test,-20and-20homogeinized-20cortex-20were-20used-20for-20immunoquantification-20of-20GLT-2D1-20and-20phosphorylation-20of-20the-20NMDAr-20pNR2B-3Csup-3Eser1232-3C-2Fsup-3E-20subunit.-20Mitochondrial-20activity-20was-20evaluated-20in-20total-20brain-20sinaptossomes.-20Glutamate-20levels-20were-20measured-20in-20the-20cerebrospinal-20fluid.-20Compared-20to-20the-20vehicle-20group,-20treatment-20with-20ND-20significantly-20decreased-20the-20expression-20of-20GLT-2D1,-20increased-20glutamate-20levels-20and-20expression-20of-20the-20pNR2B-3Csup-3Eser1232-3C-2Fsup-3E-20which-20was-20mechanistically-20associated-20with-20an-20increase-20in-20the-20aggressive-20phenotype-3B-20decrease-20in-20the-20latency-20and-20increase-20in-20the-20number-20of-20attacks.-20Also,-20ND-20decreased-20mitochondrial-20respiratory-20control.-20Administration-20of-20CEF-20significantly-20increased-20GLT-2D1-20expression-20and-20decreased-20glutamate-20levels-20relative-20to-20the-20ND-20group,-20whereas-20pNR2B-3Csup-3Eser1232-3C-2Fsup-3E-20levels-20and-20aggressive-20phenotype-20were-20similar-20to-20the-20control-20group.-20In-20the-20ND-20-2F-20CEF-20group-20the-20expression-20of-20GLT-2D1-20and-20pNR2B-3Csup-3Eser1232-3C-2Fsup-3E,-20glutamate-20levels-20and-20aggressive-20phenotype-20were-20significantly-20lower-20than-20in-20the-20ND-20group,-20and-20similar-20to-20the-20control-20group.-20Furthermore,-20CEF-20was-20able-20to-20attenuate-20the-20alteration-20in-20the-20mitochondrial-20respiratory-20control-20caused-20by-20ND.-20Our-20results-20demonstrated-20that-20the-20levels-20of-20glutamate-20astrocytic-20transporter-20GLT-2D1-20and-20pNR2B-3Csup-3Eser1232-3C-2Fsup-3E-20are-20important-20mechanism-20behind-20the-20increased-20aggressive-20phenotype-20induced-20by-20ND,-20and-20decreased-20mitochondrial-20respiratory-20control.-20Also,-20this-20model-20reinforces-20the-20importance-20of-20glutamate-20levels-20and-20astrocytic-20molecular-20targets-20in-20the-20regulation-20of-20the-20aggressive-20phenotype." contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.

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