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Property "Has-20abstract" (as page type) with input value "Electron-20transfer-20through-20respiratory-20enzyme-20complexes-20is-20partially-20coupled-20to-20the-20phosphorylation-20of-20ADP-20to-20ATP-20by-20intermediary-20generation-20and-20utilization-20of-20the-20mt-2Dmembrane-20potential,-20Δ-27-27p-27-27-3Csub-3Emt-3C-2Fsub-3E.-20The-20electron-20transfer-2Dpathway-20(ET-2Dpathway)-20provides-20the-20driving-20input-20power-20with-20a-20chemical-20potential-20spanning-20from-20reduced-20electron-20donors-20(the-20fuel-20substrates)-20to-20the-20electron-20acceptor-20oxygen.-20At-20a-20theoretical-20maximum-20efficiency-20of-201.0,-20this-20input-20power-20would-20be-20fully-20backed-20off-20by-20a-20corresponding-20output-20power-20of-20proton-20translocation-20against-20a-20maximal-20output-20force-20Δ-27-27p-27-27-3Csub-3Emt-3C-2Fsub-3E,-20when-20fluxes-20would-20be-20reduced-20to-20zero-20in-20a-20fully-20coupled-20system.-20Maximal-20efficiency-20in-20the-20ADP-2Dstimulated-20state-20of-20oxidative-20phosphorylation-20(OXPHOS)-20is,-20however,-20not-20adaptive-20-5B1-5D-20and-20is-20not-20observed-20in-20mitochondria-20for-20two-20reasons:-20(i)-20For-20fluxes-20to-20proceed-20and-20work-20to-20be-20done,-20output-20forces-20must-20be-20moderately-20high-20in-20relation-20to-20input-20forces,-20such-20that-20Gibbs-20energy-20is-20partially-20dissipated-20(mainly-20as-20heat-20in-20aerobic-20metabolism)-20and-20partially-20conserved-20as-20biochemical-20exergy-20-5B2-5D.-20(ii)-20Non-2Dmechanical,-20incompletely-20coupled-20systems-20dissipate-20part-20of-20the-20potential-20energy-20in-20short-2Dcircuits-20(LEAK).-20Biochemical-20coupling-20is-20determined-20by-20measurement-20of-20respiratory-20fluxes-20in-20rigorously-20defined-20coupling-20states-20at-20constant-20ET-2Dcompetent-20substrate-20states.-0A-0A-5B-5BFile:P.jpg-20-7Clink=OXPHOS-20capacity-5D-5D-20OXPHOS-20capacity,-20-27-27P-27-27,-20is-20the-20respiratory-20capacity-20of-20mitochondria-20at-20saturating-20concentrations-20of-20ADP,-20inorganic-20phosphate,-20oxygen,-20and-20defined-20CHO-20fuel-20substrates.-20Intrinsic-20uncoupling-20and-20dyscoupling-20lower-20the-20efficiency-20and-20contribute-20to-20the-20control-20of-20flux-20in-20the-20OXPHOS-20state.-20ADP-20and-20inorganic-20phosphate-20do-20not-20equilibrate-20across-20the-20plasma-20membrane,-20and-20saturating-20concentrations-20of-20these-20metabolites-20can-20hardly-20be-20achieved-20in-20living-20cells.-20Therefore,-20cell-20membranes-20are-20permeabilized-20while-20maintaining-20mitochondria-20intact-20for-20the-20study-20of-20OXPHOS-20capacity,-20which-20provides-20a-20model-20for-20biochemical-20cell-20ergometry-20-5B3-5D." contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.

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