Difference between revisions of "Advancement"
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Ā Communicated by [[Gnaiger E]] 2018-10- | Ā Communicated by [[Gnaiger E]] 2018-10-16 | ||
== Advancement per volume == | |||
:::: In typical liquid phase reactions the volume of the system does not change during the reaction. When oxygen consumption is measured (''Ī½''<sub>O2</sub> = -1 in the chemical reaction), then the volume-specific [[oxygen flux]] is the time derivative of the advancement of the reaction per unit volume [1], ''J''<sub>''V'',O2</sub> = d<sub>r</sub>''Ī¾''<sub>O2</sub>/d''t''ā''V''<sup>-1</sup> [(molāsĀ<sup>-1</sup>)āLĀ<sup>-1</sup>]. The rate of O<sub>2</sub> concentration change is d''c''<sub>O2</sub>/d''t'' [(molāLĀ<sup>-1</sup>)āsĀ<sup>-1</sup>], where concentration is ''c''<sub>O2</sub> = ''n''<sub>O2</sub>/''V''. There is a difference between (''1'') ''J''<sub>''V'',O2</sub> [molāsĀ<sup>-1</sup>āLĀ<sup>-1</sup>] and (''2'') rate of concentration change [molāLĀ<sup>-1</sup>āsĀ<sup>-1</sup>]. These merge to a single expression only in a closed system. In open systems, internal transformations (catabolic flux, O<sub>2</sub> consumption) are distinguished from external flux (such as O<sub>2</sub> supply). External fluxes of all substances are zero in closed systems [2]. | |||
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== References == | |||
:::# Gnaiger E (1993) Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of energy transformations. Pure Appl Chem 65:1983-2002. - [[Gnaiger 1993 Pure Appl Chem |Ā»Bioblast linkĀ«]] | |||
:::# MitoEAGLE preprint 2018-10-16(43) Mitochondrial respiratory states and rates: Building blocks of mitochondrial physiology Part 1. - www.mitoeagle.org/index.php/MitoEAGLE_preprint_2018-02-08 | |||
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{{MitoPedia concepts | {{MitoPedia concepts | ||
|mitopedia concept=MiP concept, Ergodynamics | |mitopedia concept=MiP concept, Ergodynamics | ||
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Revision as of 10:46, 16 October 2018
Description
In an isomorphic analysis, any form of flow is the advancement of a process per unit of time, expressed in a specific motive unit [MUās-1], e.g., ampere for electric flow or current [Aā”Cās-1], watt for heat flow [Wā”Jās-1], and for chemical flow the unit is [molās-1]. The corresponding isomorphic forces are the partial exergy (Gibbs energy) changes per advancement [JāMU-1], expressed in volt for electric force [Vā”JāC-1], dimensionless for thermal force, and for chemical force the unit is [Jāmol-1], which deserves a specific acronym ([Jol]) comparable to volt. For chemical processes of reaction and diffusion, the advancement is the amount of motive substance [mol]. The concept was originally introduced by De Donder. Central to the concept of advancement is the stoichiometric number, Ī½X, associated with each motive component X (transformant [1]).
In a chemical reaction, r, the motive entity is the stoichiometric amount of reactant, drnX, with stoichiometric number Ī½X. The advancement of the chemical reaction, drĪ¾ [mol], is then defined as
drĪ¾ = drnXĀ·Ī½X-1
The flow of the chemical reaction, Ir [molĀ·s-1], is advancement per time,
Ir = drĪ¾Ā·dt-1
Abbreviation: dtrĪ¾
Reference: Gnaiger_1993_Pure Appl Chem
Communicated by Gnaiger E 2018-10-16
Advancement per volume
- In typical liquid phase reactions the volume of the system does not change during the reaction. When oxygen consumption is measured (Ī½O2 = -1 in the chemical reaction), then the volume-specific oxygen flux is the time derivative of the advancement of the reaction per unit volume [1], JV,O2 = drĪ¾O2/dtāV-1 [(molāsĀ-1)āLĀ-1]. The rate of O2 concentration change is dcO2/dt [(molāLĀ-1)āsĀ-1], where concentration is cO2 = nO2/V. There is a difference between (1) JV,O2 [molāsĀ-1āLĀ-1] and (2) rate of concentration change [molāLĀ-1āsĀ-1]. These merge to a single expression only in a closed system. In open systems, internal transformations (catabolic flux, O2 consumption) are distinguished from external flux (such as O2 supply). External fluxes of all substances are zero in closed systems [2].
References
- Gnaiger E (1993) Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of energy transformations. Pure Appl Chem 65:1983-2002. - Ā»Bioblast linkĀ«
- MitoEAGLE preprint 2018-10-16(43) Mitochondrial respiratory states and rates: Building blocks of mitochondrial physiology Part 1. - www.mitoeagle.org/index.php/MitoEAGLE_preprint_2018-02-08
MitoPedia concepts: MiP concept, Ergodynamics