Difference between revisions of "Cole 2000 BMJ"
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PIP: This study aimed to develop an internationally acceptable definition of child overweight and obesity, specifying the measurement, reference population, and age and sex specific cut off points. Data on body mass index (weight/height) were obtained from 6 large nationally representative cross sectional surveys on growth from Brazil, Great Britain, Hong Kong, the Netherlands, Singapore, and the US. The study included 97,876 males and 94,851 females from birth to 25 years of age. For each of the surveys, centile curves were drawn that at age 18 years passed through the widely used cutoff points of 25 and 30 kg/sq. m for adult weight and obesity. The resulting curves were averaged to provide age- and sex-specific cutoff points from 2 to 18 years. The proposed cut off points, which are less arbitrary and more internationally based than current alternatives, should help to provide internationally comparable prevalence rates of overweight and obesity in children. | PIP: This study aimed to develop an internationally acceptable definition of child overweight and obesity, specifying the measurement, reference population, and age and sex specific cut off points. Data on body mass index (weight/height) were obtained from 6 large nationally representative cross sectional surveys on growth from Brazil, Great Britain, Hong Kong, the Netherlands, Singapore, and the US. The study included 97,876 males and 94,851 females from birth to 25 years of age. For each of the surveys, centile curves were drawn that at age 18 years passed through the widely used cutoff points of 25 and 30 kg/sq. m for adult weight and obesity. The resulting curves were averaged to provide age- and sex-specific cutoff points from 2 to 18 years. The proposed cut off points, which are less arbitrary and more internationally based than current alternatives, should help to provide internationally comparable prevalence rates of overweight and obesity in children. | ||
|editor=[[Gnaiger E]] | |editor=[[Gnaiger E]] | ||
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[[File:BMI-cutoff age.png|left|600px|thumb|'''Figure 1''': BMI cutoff values as a function of age. The symbols are from Table 4 of Cole et al (2010), compared to the personalized BMI cutoff points derived from the concept of body mass excess, BME. BMI<sub>0.2</sub> and BMI<sub>0.4</sub> are the personalized BMI cutoff points for overweight and obese, calculated from the reference body mass, ''M''° of the HRP, and the body mass thresholds as a function of height, 1.2''M''° and 1.4''M''°.]] | [[File:BMI-cutoff age.png|left|600px|thumb|'''Figure 1''': BMI cutoff values as a function of age. The symbols are from Table 4 of Cole et al (2010), compared to the personalized BMI cutoff points derived from the concept of body mass excess, BME. BMI<sub>0.2</sub> and BMI<sub>0.4</sub> are the personalized BMI cutoff points for overweight and obese, calculated from the reference body mass, ''M''° of the HRP, and the body mass thresholds as a function of height, 1.2''M''° and 1.4''M''°.]] | ||
:::: Cole et al | :::: Cole et al (2000) suggest BMI cutoff points which can be applied equally to Caucasian and Asian populations from 2 to 18 years, separately for girls and boys. Unfortunately, [[body mass]] and [[Height of humans |height]] are not reported separately. | ||
:::: The concept of the [[healthy reference population]] (HRP) and [[body mass excess]] relates the actual body mass, ''M'', to the reference body mass, ''M''°, at any given height in the HRP. [[BME cutoff points]] for overweight and obesity are at 1.2''M°'' and 1.4''M''° or BME of 0.2 and 0.4, respectively. The precision-reference BMI° of the HRP increases with height (see [[Body mass excess] | :::: The concept of the [[healthy reference population]] (HRP) and [[body mass excess]] relates the actual body mass, ''M'', to the reference body mass, ''M''°, at any given height in the HRP. [[BME cutoff points]] for overweight and obesity are at 1.2''M°'' and 1.4''M''° or BME of 0.2 and 0.4, respectively. The precision-reference BMI° of the HRP increases with height (see [[Body mass excess]]). Up to 13 years, girls and boys have the same height. The precision-BMI° of girls and boys increases from about 15 to 18 kg·m<sup>-2</sup> from 5 to 13 years. In the following years, boys continue to grow and BMI° continues to increase to 20.5 kg·m<sup>-2</sup>, whereas growth of girls ceases and their BMI° remains at about 19 kg·m<sup>-2</sup>. This pattern applies to the HRP, and the comparison of the HRP with the data from Cole et al (2000) is based on the assumption that the same height for age applies to both populations. | ||
:::: The BMI cutoff values of Cole et al (2010) agree closely with the precision-BMI cutoff values derived from the BME-concept between age 8 and 13 (Fig. 1). Cole et al (2010) use identical BMI cutoff values for women and men at the age of 18, 25 kg·m<sup>-2</sup> for overweight and 30 kg·m<sup>-2</sup> for obesity. This ignores the fact that (1) women are smaller than men (see [[Height of humans]]), and (2) the BMI increases with height independent of a trend towards overweight (see [[Body mass excess]]). This explains, why lower precision-BMI cutoff values are predicted from the BME-concept for | :::: The BMI cutoff values of Cole et al (2010) agree closely with the precision-BMI cutoff values derived from the BME-concept between age 8 and 13 (Fig. 1). Cole et al (2010) use identical BMI cutoff values for women and men at the age of 18, 25 kg·m<sup>-2</sup> for overweight and 30 kg·m<sup>-2</sup> for obesity. This ignores the fact that (''1'') women are smaller than men (see [[Height of humans]]), and (''2'') the BMI increases with height independent of a trend towards overweight (see [[Body mass excess]]). This explains, why lower precision-BMI cutoff values are predicted from the BME-concept for females than males (Fig. 1). | ||
:::: Below the age of 8 years, the allometric phase changes to different mass-for-height exponents in the HRP. This is not taken into account in the approach of Cole et al (2010), which explains why their suggested cutoff values continue to drop more steeply with diminishing age compared to the HRP and the corresponding precision-BMI cutoff values (Fig. 1). | :::: Below the age of 8 years, the allometric phase changes to different mass-for-height exponents in the HRP. This is not taken into account in the approach of Cole et al (2010), which explains why their suggested cutoff values continue to drop more steeply with diminishing age compared to the HRP and the corresponding precision-BMI cutoff values (Fig. 1). | ||
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{{References: BME and BMI-cutoff}} | |||
[[Category:BME and mitObesity]] | |||
{{Labeling | |||
{{ | |area=Gender, Developmental biology, Exercise physiology;nutrition;life style | ||
|diseases=Obesity | |||
|organism=Human | |||
|preparations=Intact organism | |||
|additional=BMI, BME, BMI-cutoff, | |||
}} | |||
Revision as of 12:59, 6 February 2020
| Cole TJ, Bellizzi MC, Flegal KM, Dietz WH (2000) Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey. BMJ 320:1240-3. |
Cole TJ, Bellizzi MC, Flegal KM, Dietz WH (2000) BMJ
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To develop an internationally acceptable definition of child overweight and obesity, specifying the measurement, the reference population, and the age and sex specific cut off points.
DESIGN: International survey of six large nationally representative cross sectional growth studies.
SETTING: Brazil, Great Britain, Hong Kong, the Netherlands, Singapore, and the United States.
SUBJECTS: 97 876 males and 94 851 females from birth to 25 years of age.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Body mass index (weight/height(2)).
RESULTS: For each of the surveys, centile curves were drawn that at age 18 years passed through the widely used cut off points of 25 and 30 kg/m(2) for adult overweight and obesity. The resulting curves were averaged to provide age and sex specific cut off points from 2-18 years.
CONCLUSIONS: The proposed cut off points, which are less arbitrary and more internationally based than current alternatives, should help to provide internationally comparable prevalence rates of overweight and obesity in children.
PIP: This study aimed to develop an internationally acceptable definition of child overweight and obesity, specifying the measurement, reference population, and age and sex specific cut off points. Data on body mass index (weight/height) were obtained from 6 large nationally representative cross sectional surveys on growth from Brazil, Great Britain, Hong Kong, the Netherlands, Singapore, and the US. The study included 97,876 males and 94,851 females from birth to 25 years of age. For each of the surveys, centile curves were drawn that at age 18 years passed through the widely used cutoff points of 25 and 30 kg/sq. m for adult weight and obesity. The resulting curves were averaged to provide age- and sex-specific cutoff points from 2 to 18 years. The proposed cut off points, which are less arbitrary and more internationally based than current alternatives, should help to provide internationally comparable prevalence rates of overweight and obesity in children.
• Bioblast editor: Gnaiger E
From BMI to BME
Work in progress by Gnaiger E 2020-01-20 linked to a preprint in preparation on BME and mitObesity.
Figure 1: BMI cutoff values as a function of age. The symbols are from Table 4 of Cole et al (2010), compared to the personalized BMI cutoff points derived from the concept of body mass excess, BME. BMI0.2 and BMI0.4 are the personalized BMI cutoff points for overweight and obese, calculated from the reference body mass, M° of the HRP, and the body mass thresholds as a function of height, 1.2M° and 1.4M°.
- The concept of the healthy reference population (HRP) and body mass excess relates the actual body mass, M, to the reference body mass, M°, at any given height in the HRP. BME cutoff points for overweight and obesity are at 1.2M° and 1.4M° or BME of 0.2 and 0.4, respectively. The precision-reference BMI° of the HRP increases with height (see Body mass excess). Up to 13 years, girls and boys have the same height. The precision-BMI° of girls and boys increases from about 15 to 18 kg·m-2 from 5 to 13 years. In the following years, boys continue to grow and BMI° continues to increase to 20.5 kg·m-2, whereas growth of girls ceases and their BMI° remains at about 19 kg·m-2. This pattern applies to the HRP, and the comparison of the HRP with the data from Cole et al (2000) is based on the assumption that the same height for age applies to both populations.
- The BMI cutoff values of Cole et al (2010) agree closely with the precision-BMI cutoff values derived from the BME-concept between age 8 and 13 (Fig. 1). Cole et al (2010) use identical BMI cutoff values for women and men at the age of 18, 25 kg·m-2 for overweight and 30 kg·m-2 for obesity. This ignores the fact that (1) women are smaller than men (see Height of humans), and (2) the BMI increases with height independent of a trend towards overweight (see Body mass excess). This explains, why lower precision-BMI cutoff values are predicted from the BME-concept for females than males (Fig. 1).
- Below the age of 8 years, the allometric phase changes to different mass-for-height exponents in the HRP. This is not taken into account in the approach of Cole et al (2010), which explains why their suggested cutoff values continue to drop more steeply with diminishing age compared to the HRP and the corresponding precision-BMI cutoff values (Fig. 1).
- In summary, the BME cutoff values of 0.2 and 0.4 for overweight and obesity have several advantages over adjusted BMI cutoff points. BME cutoffs (1) are conceptually consistent, without first assuming an allometric exponent of 2 for the BMI and then adjusting the BMI cutoff point to take into account the fact that the actual allometric exponent of the HRP is different from 2, (2) apply equally to girls, boys and adult females and males, and (3) are easy to explain to the general public, since the values of the BME cutoffs make sense and are understandable: 20 % increased body mass at a given height for overweight; 40 % increased body mass at a given height for obese.
Publications: BME and BMI-cutoff
| Reference | |
|---|---|
| Cole 2000 BMJ | Cole TJ, Bellizzi MC, Flegal KM, Dietz WH (2000) Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey. BMJ 320:1240-3. |
| De Onis 2007 Bull World Health Organization | de Onis M, Onyango AW, Borghi E, Siyam A, Nishida C, Siekmann J (2007) Development of a WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents. Bull World Health Organization 85:660-7. |
| Gallagher 2000 Am J Clin Nutr | Gallagher D, Heymsfield SB, Heo M, Jebb SA, Murgatroyd PR, Sakamoto Y (2000) Healthy percentage body fat ranges: an approach for developing guidelines based on body mass index. Am J Clin Nutr 72:694-701. |
| Mialich 2014 Nutr Hosp | Mialich MS, Martinez EZ, Jordao JJ (2014) Application of body mass index adjusted for fat mass (BMIfat) obtained by bioelectrical impedance in adults. Nutr Hosp 30:417-24. |
| Mialich 2018 J Electr Bioimp | Mialich MS, Silva BR, Jordao AA (2018) Cutoff points of BMI for classification of nutritional status using bioelectrical impedance analysis. J Electr Bioimp 9:24-30. |
| Romero-Corral 2008 Int J Obes (Lond) | Romero-Corral A, Somers VK, Sierra-Johnson J, Thomas RJ, Collazo-Clavell ML, Korinek J, Allison TG, Batsis JA, Sert-Kuniyoshi FH, Lopez-Jimenez F (2008) Accuracy of body mass index in diagnosing obesity in the adult general population. Int J Obes (Lond) 32:959-66. |
| Wollner 2017 J Public Health Res | Wollner M, Paulo Roberto BB, Alysson Roncally SC, Jurandir N, Edil LS (2017) Accuracy of the WHO's body mass index cut-off points to measure gender- and age-specific obesity in middle-aged adults living in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. J Public Health Res 6:904. |
Labels: MiParea: Gender, Developmental biology, Exercise physiology;nutrition;life style
Pathology: Obesity
Organism: Human
Preparation: Intact organism
BMI, BME, BMI-cutoff
