Difference between revisions of "Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide"
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|description='''Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide''', NAD<sup>+</sup> and NADH (pyridine nucleotide coenzymes, NAD and NADP), is an oxidation-reduction coenzyme (redox cofactor; compare [[FADH2 |FADH<sub>2</sub>]]). In the [[NADH electron transfer-pathway state]] fuelled by type N substrates, mt-matrix dehydrogenases generate NADH, the substrate of [[Complex I]] (CI). The mt-NADH pool integrates the activity of the [[TCA cycle]] and various matrix dehydrogenases upstream of CI, and thus forms a junction or funnel of electron transfer to CI, the [[N-junction]] (compare [[F-junction]], [[Q-junction]]). NAD<sup>+</sup> and NADH are not permeable through the mt-inner membrane, mtIM. Cytosolic NADH is effectively made available for mitochondrial respiration through the [[malate-aspartate shuttle]] or [[Glycerophosphate_dehydrogenase_complex|glycerophosphate dehydrogenase Complex]]. | |description='''Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide''', NAD<sup>+</sup> and NADH (pyridine nucleotide coenzymes, NAD and NADP), is an oxidation-reduction coenzyme (redox cofactor; compare [[FADH2 |FADH<sub>2</sub>]]). In the [[NADH electron transfer-pathway state]] fuelled by type N substrates, mt-matrix dehydrogenases generate NADH, the substrate of [[Complex I]] (CI). The mt-NADH pool integrates the activity of the [[TCA cycle]] and various matrix dehydrogenases upstream of CI, and thus forms a junction or funnel of electron transfer to CI, the [[N-junction]] (compare [[F-junction]], [[Q-junction]]). NAD<sup>+</sup> and NADH are not permeable through the mt-inner membrane, mtIM. Cytosolic NADH is effectively made available for mitochondrial respiration through the [[malate-aspartate shuttle]] or [[Glycerophosphate_dehydrogenase_complex|glycerophosphate dehydrogenase Complex]]. | ||
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ย Communicated by [[Gnaiger E]] 2016-02-12, last edit 2019-07-01. | ย Communicated by [[Gnaiger E]] 2016-02-12, last edit 2019-07-01. | ||
== Application in [[HRR]] == | == Application in [[HRR]] == | ||
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::::* TPN<sup>+</sup> = NADP<sup>+</sup> | ::::* TPN<sup>+</sup> = NADP<sup>+</sup> | ||
::::* TPNH, reduced triphosphopyridine nucleotide = NADPH | ::::* TPNH, reduced triphosphopyridine nucleotide = NADPH | ||
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|mitopedia topic=Substrate and metabolite | |||
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Revision as of 09:27, 11 September 2020
- high-resolution terminology - matching measurements at high-resolution
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Description
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NAD+ and NADH (pyridine nucleotide coenzymes, NAD and NADP), is an oxidation-reduction coenzyme (redox cofactor; compare FADH2). In the NADH electron transfer-pathway state fuelled by type N substrates, mt-matrix dehydrogenases generate NADH, the substrate of Complex I (CI). The mt-NADH pool integrates the activity of the TCA cycle and various matrix dehydrogenases upstream of CI, and thus forms a junction or funnel of electron transfer to CI, the N-junction (compare F-junction, Q-junction). NAD+ and NADH are not permeable through the mt-inner membrane, mtIM. Cytosolic NADH is effectively made available for mitochondrial respiration through the malate-aspartate shuttle or glycerophosphate dehydrogenase Complex.
Abbreviation: NADH
Communicated by Gnaiger E 2016-02-12, last edit 2019-07-01.
Application in HRR
- Nicotinadeninedinucleotide, NADH (ฮฒ-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced potassium salt, C21H27N7O14P2K2); Sigma A 4505, 100 mg, store at -20 ยฐC (old Sigma recommendation: 4-8 ยฐC); FW = 742.61, for important considerations concerning storage of NADH (powder and solutions) and preparation of solutions see the product information from Sigma: [1]. The same precautions are recommended by Sigma for the sodium salt.
Historical terminology
- DPN+ = NAD+
- DPNH, reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide = NADH
- TPN+ = NADP+
- TPNH, reduced triphosphopyridine nucleotide = NADPH
MitoPedia topics:
Substrate and metabolite
