Difference between revisions of "State 5"

Revision as of 18:57, 17 February 2012

high-resolution terminology - matching measurements at high-resolution

State 5

Description

State 5 is the respiratory state obtained in a protocol with isolated mitochondria after a sequence of State 1 to State 4, when the concentration of O₂ is depleted in the closed oxygraph chamber and zero oxygen (the anaerobic state) is reached (Chance and Williams, 1955; Table I).

State 5 is defined in the original publication in two ways: State 5 may be obtained by antimycin A treatment or by anaerobiosis (Chance and Williams, 1955; page 414). Antimycin A treatment yields a State 5 equivalent to a state for measurement of residual oxygen consumption, ROX (which may also be induced by rotenone+myxothiazol; Gnaiger 2009). Setting State 5 equivalent to ROX or anoxia (Chance and Williams 1955) can be rationalized only in the context of measurement of cytochrome redox states, whereas in the context of respiration State 5 is usually referred to as 'zero oxygen'.

Abbreviation: n.a.

Reference: Chance 1955 JBC-III; Gnaiger 2009 Int J Biochem Cell Biol

MitoPedia methods: Respirometry, Spectrophotometry

MitoPedia topics: "Respiratory state" is not in the list (Enzyme, Medium, Inhibitor, Substrate and metabolite, Uncoupler, Sample preparation, Permeabilization agent, EAGLE, MitoGlobal Organizations, MitoGlobal Centres, ...) of allowed values for the "MitoPedia topic" property. Respiratory state"Respiratory state" is not in the list (Enzyme, Medium, Inhibitor, Substrate and metabolite, Uncoupler, Sample preparation, Permeabilization agent, EAGLE, MitoGlobal Organizations, MitoGlobal Centres, ...) of allowed values for the "MitoPedia topic" property.

State 5 and zero oxygen

State 5 after an aerobic-anoxic transition provides conditions for internal zero-oxygen calibration of the oxygen sensor under anoxia, which is essential for measurement of oxygen kinetics by high-resolution respirometry in a closed system (Gnaiger et al 1995; Scandurra and Gnaiger 2010). Although zero oxygen cannot strictly be reached owing to thermodynamic and kinetic contraints, a minimum p_O2 of 0.0003 kPa is calculated to be reached at typical mitochondrial incubation conditions, which is due to the high mitochondrial oxygen affinitiy and is practically zero from an experimental point of view (Gnaiger et al 1995). Owing to the low oxygen affinity of permeabilized muscle fibres (Gnaiger 2003), however, State 5 is difficult to be reached in such mt-preparations within tolerable short periods of incubation time.

References

Chance B, Williams GR (1955) Respiratory enzymes in oxidative phosphorylation. III. The steady state. J. Biol. Chem. 217: 409-427.

Gnaiger E (2003) Oxygen conformance of cellular respiration. A perspective of mitochondrial physiology. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 543: 39-55. PMID: 8746845

Gnaiger E (2009) Capacity of oxidative phosphorylation in human skeletal muscle. New perspectives of mitochondrial physiology. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 41: 1837–1845. PMID: 19467914

Gnaiger E, Steinlechner-Maran R, Méndez G, Eberl T, Margreiter R (1995) Control of mitochondrial and cellular respiration by oxygen. J. Bioenerg. Biomembr. 27: 583-596. PMID: 14713113

Scandurra FM, Gnaiger E (2010) Cell respiration under hypoxia: Facts and artefacts in mitochondrial oxygen kinetics. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 662: 7-25. PMID: 20204766

@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 State 5 is defined in the original publication in two ways: ''State 5 may be obtained by antimycin A treatment or by anaerobiosis'' (Chance and Williams, 1955; page 414). [[Antimycin A]] treatment yields a State 5 equivalent to a state for measurement of [[residual oxygen consumption]], ROX (which may also be induced by [[rotenone]]+[[myxothiazol]]; [[Gnaiger_2009_IJBCB|Gnaiger 2009]]). Setting State 5 equivalent to ROX or anoxia (Chance and Williams 1955) can be rationalized only in the context of measurement of cytochrome redox states, whereas in the context of respiration State 5 is usually referred to as 'zero oxygen'.
-|info=[[Chance 1955 JBC-III]]; [[Gnaiger_2009_IJBCB]]
+|info=[[Chance 1955 JBC-III]]; [[Gnaiger 2009 Int J Biochem Cell Biol]]
 }}
 {{MitoPedia methods
@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
 ==State 5 and zero oxygen==
-State 5 after an aerobic-anoxic transition provides conditions for internal zero-oxygen calibration of the oxygen sensor under [[anoxia]], which is essential for measurement of [[oxygen kinetics]] by [[high-resolution respirometry]] in a closed system ([[Gnaiger_1995_JBB|Gnaiger et al 1995]]; [[Scandurra_2010_AdvExpMedBiol|Scandurra and Gnaiger 2010]]). Although zero oxygen cannot strictly be reached owing to thermodynamic and kinetic contraints, a minimum ''p''<sub>O2</sub> of 0.0003 kPa is calculated to be reached at typical mitochondrial incubation conditions, which is due to the high mitochondrial oxygen affinitiy and is practically zero from an experimental point of view ([[Gnaiger_1995_JBB|Gnaiger et al 1995]]). Owing to the low oxygen affinity of permeabilized muscle fibres ([[Gnaiger_2003_AdvExpMedBiol|Gnaiger 2003]]), however, State 5 is difficult to be reached in such mt-preparations within tolerable short periods of incubation time.
+State 5 after an aerobic-anoxic transition provides conditions for internal zero-oxygen calibration of the oxygen sensor under [[anoxia]], which is essential for measurement of [[oxygen kinetics]] by [[high-resolution respirometry]] in a closed system ([[Gnaiger_1995_J Bioenerg Biomembr|Gnaiger et al 1995]]; [[Scandurra_2010_Adv Exp Med Biol|Scandurra and Gnaiger 2010]]). Although zero oxygen cannot strictly be reached owing to thermodynamic and kinetic contraints, a minimum ''p''<sub>O2</sub> of 0.0003 kPa is calculated to be reached at typical mitochondrial incubation conditions, which is due to the high mitochondrial oxygen affinitiy and is practically zero from an experimental point of view ([[Gnaiger_1995_JBB|Gnaiger et al 1995]]). Owing to the low oxygen affinity of permeabilized muscle fibres ([[Gnaiger_2003_Adv Exp Med Biol|Gnaiger 2003]]), however, State 5 is difficult to be reached in such mt-preparations within tolerable short periods of incubation time.
 == References ==
@@ Line 20: / Line 20: @@
 Chance B, Williams GR (1955) Respiratory enzymes in oxidative phosphorylation. III. The steady state. J. Biol. Chem. 217: 409-427.
-Gnaiger E (2003) Oxygen conformance of cellular respiration. A perspective of mitochondrial physiology. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 543: 39-55. [[Gnaiger_2003_AdvExpMedBiol|PMID: 8746845]]
+Gnaiger E (2003) Oxygen conformance of cellular respiration. A perspective of mitochondrial physiology. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 543: 39-55. [[Gnaiger_2003_Adv Exp Med Biol|PMID: 8746845]]
-Gnaiger E (2009) Capacity of oxidative phosphorylation in human skeletal muscle. New perspectives of mitochondrial physiology. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 41: 1837–1845. [[Gnaiger_2009_IJBCB|PMID: 19467914]]
+Gnaiger E (2009) Capacity of oxidative phosphorylation in human skeletal muscle. New perspectives of mitochondrial physiology. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 41: 1837–1845. [[Gnaiger 2009 Int J Biochem Cell Biol|PMID: 19467914]]
-Gnaiger E, Steinlechner-Maran R, Méndez G, Eberl T, Margreiter R (1995) Control of mitochondrial and cellular respiration by oxygen. J. Bioenerg. Biomembr. 27: 583-596. [[Gnaiger_1995_JBB|PMID: 14713113]]
+Gnaiger E, Steinlechner-Maran R, Méndez G, Eberl T, Margreiter R (1995) Control of mitochondrial and cellular respiration by oxygen. J. Bioenerg. Biomembr. 27: 583-596. [[Gnaiger_1995_J Bioenerg Biomembr|PMID: 14713113]]
-Scandurra FM, Gnaiger E (2010) Cell respiration under hypoxia: Facts and artefacts in mitochondrial oxygen kinetics. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 662: 7-25. [[Scandurra_2010_AdvExpMedBiol|PMID: 20204766]]
+Scandurra FM, Gnaiger E (2010) Cell respiration under hypoxia: Facts and artefacts in mitochondrial oxygen kinetics. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 662: 7-25. [[Scandurra_2010_Adv Exp Med Biol|PMID: 20204766]]