Difference between revisions of "Fatty acid"

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Fatty acid

Description

Abbreviation: FA

Fatty acids are carboxylic acids with a carbon aliphatic chain. The fatty acids can be divided by the length of this chain, being considered as short-chain (4–8 carbons), medium-chain (6–12 carbons) and long-chain (14-22 carbons) fatty acids.

Long-chain fatty acids must be bound to carnitine to enter the mitochondrial matrix, in a reaction that can be catalysed by carnitine acyltransferase. For this reason, long-chain fatty acids, such as palmitate (16 carbons) is frequently supplied to mt-preparations in the activated form of palmitoylcarnitine. Fatty acids with shorter chains, as octanoate (8 carbons) may enter the mitochondrial matrix, however, in HRFR they are more frequently supplied also in the activated form, such as octanoylcarnitine.

Once in the mitochondrial matrix, the fatty acid oxidation (FAO) occurs, generating acetyl-CoA and NADH. In the fatty acid oxidation pathway control state electrons are fed into the F-junction involving the electron transferring flavoprotein (CETF). FAO cannot proceed without a substrate combination of fatty acids & malate, and inhibition of CI blocks FAO.

Reference: Gnaiger 2014 MitoPathways

MitoPedia topics: Substrate and metabolite

Fatty acids used in HRFR

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 |abbr=FA
-'''Fatty acids''' are carboxilic acids with a carbon aliphatic chain. The fatty acids can be divided by the lenght of this chain, being considered as short-chain (4–8 carbons), medium-chain (6–12 carbons) and long-chain (14-22 carbons) fatty acids.
+'''Fatty acids''' are carboxylic acids with a carbon aliphatic chain. The fatty acids can be divided by the length of this chain, being considered as short-chain (4–8 carbons), medium-chain (6–12 carbons) and long-chain (14-22 carbons) fatty acids.
-Long-chain fatty acids must be bound to [[Carnitine|carnitine]] to enter the mitochodrial matrix, in a reaction that can be catalysed by [[Carnitine acyltransferase|carnitine acyltransferase]]. For this reason, long-chain fatty acids, such as [[Palmitate|palmitate]] (16 carbons) is frequently supplied to mt-preparations in the activated form of [[Palmitoylcarnitine|palmitoylcarnitine]].
+Long-chain fatty acids must be bound to [[Carnitine|carnitine]] to enter the mitochondrial matrix, in a reaction that can be catalysed by [[Carnitine acyltransferase|carnitine acyltransferase]]. For this reason, long-chain fatty acids, such as [[Palmitate|palmitate]] (16 carbons) is frequently supplied to mt-preparations in the activated form of [[Palmitoylcarnitine|palmitoylcarnitine]].
-Fatty acids with shorther chains, as [[Octanoate|octanoate]] (8 carbons) may enter the mitochondrial matrix, however, in HRFR they are more frequently supplied also in the activated form, such as with [[Octanoylcarnitine|octanoylcarnitine]].
+Fatty acids with shorter chains, as [[Octanoate|octanoate]] (8 carbons) may enter the mitochondrial matrix, however, in HRFR they are more frequently supplied also in the activated form, such as [[Octanoylcarnitine|octanoylcarnitine]].
-Once in the mitochondrial matrix, the [[Fatty acid oxidation|fatty acid oxidation]] (FAO) occurs, generating acetyl-CoA, NADH and FADH2. In the [[Fatty acid oxidation pathway control state|fatty acid oxidation pathway control state]] electrons are fed into the [[F-junction]] involving the [[electron transferring flavoprotein]] (CETF). FAO cannot proceed without a substrate combination of fatty acids & malate, and inhibition of CI blocks FAO completely.
+Once in the mitochondrial matrix, the [[Fatty acid oxidation|fatty acid oxidation]] (FAO) occurs, generating acetyl-CoA and NADH. In the [[Fatty acid oxidation pathway control state|fatty acid oxidation pathway control state]] electrons are fed into the [[F-junction]] involving the [[electron transferring flavoprotein]] (CETF). FAO cannot proceed without a substrate combination of fatty acids & malate, and inhibition of CI blocks FAO.