Difference between revisions of "Proline"
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|description=[[File:Proline.png|left|100px|Proline]] | |description=[[File:Proline.png|left|100px|Proline]] | ||
'''Proline''' (Pro), C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>9</sub>NO<sub>2</sub>, is an amino acid which occurs under physiological conditions mainly in the nonpolar form, with ''p''K<sub>a1</sub> = 1.99 ''p''K<sub>a2</sub> = 10.96. | '''Proline''' (Pro), C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>9</sub>NO<sub>2</sub>, is an amino acid which occurs under physiological conditions mainly in the nonpolar form, with ''p''K<sub>a1</sub> = 1.99 ''p''K<sub>a2</sub> = 10.96. | ||
Proline is an [[anaplerotic]] substrate that supports both the [[proline | Proline is an [[anaplerotic]] substrate that supports both the [[proline pathway control state]] and the [[glutamate anaplerotic pathway control state]]. Proline is used as a single substrate or in combination with carbohydrate-derived metabolites in mitochondria particularly of flight muscle of many (but not all) insects. Proline is oxidized to delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate by the [[mtIM]] L-proline:quinone oxidoreductase ([[proline dehydrogenase]], ProDH), with reduction of FAD to FADH<sub>2</sub> and direct entry into the [[Q-junction]]. delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate is converted to [[glutamate]] by 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase. | ||
|info=[https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/614#section=InChI-Key PubChem], | |info=[https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/614#section=InChI-Key PubChem], | ||
[[Teulier 2016 Proc Biol Sci]], | [[Teulier 2016 Proc Biol Sci]], | ||
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|mitopedia topic=Substrate and metabolite | |mitopedia topic=Substrate and metabolite | ||
}} | }} | ||
Communicated by [[Garcia-Souza LF]] and [[Gnaiger E]] 2019-04-29 | |||
== Application in [[HRR]] == | == Application in [[HRR]] == | ||
Revision as of 12:03, 30 April 2019
- high-resolution terminology - matching measurements at high-resolution
Proline
Description
Proline (Pro), C5H9NO2, is an amino acid which occurs under physiological conditions mainly in the nonpolar form, with pKa1 = 1.99 pKa2 = 10.96. Proline is an anaplerotic substrate that supports both the proline pathway control state and the glutamate anaplerotic pathway control state. Proline is used as a single substrate or in combination with carbohydrate-derived metabolites in mitochondria particularly of flight muscle of many (but not all) insects. Proline is oxidized to delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate by the mtIM L-proline:quinone oxidoreductase (proline dehydrogenase, ProDH), with reduction of FAD to FADH2 and direct entry into the Q-junction. delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate is converted to glutamate by 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase.
Abbreviation: Pro
Reference: PubChem, Teulier 2016 Proc Biol Sci, Soares 2015 PLoS One
MitoPedia topics: Substrate and metabolite
Communicated by Garcia-Souza LF and Gnaiger E 2019-04-29
Application in HRR
- Preparation of 2 M stock solution (dissolved in H2O; M.W. = 115.13)
- Weigh 1.1513 g L-proline and transfer to a 5 mL volumetric glass flask.
- Add to 5 mL of H2O and divide into 0.5 mL portions.
- Store at -20 °C.
- » O2k manual titrations
- Titration volume: 10 µL using a 25 µl syringe (2 mL O2k-Chamber).
- Final concentration: 10 mM.
References
- Teulier L, Weber JM, Crevier J, Darveau CA (2016) Proline as a fuel for insect flight: enhancing carbohydrate oxidation in hymenopterans. Proc Biol Sci 283: 20160333. - »Bioblast link«
