Difference between revisions of "Succinate"
(indicated, that Succinate needs pH adjustment with 1M HCl) |
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:::'''S: Succinate''' (Succinate disodium salt, hexahydrate, C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>4</sub>0<sub>4</sub>Na<sub>2</sub> * (H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>; Sigma S 2378, 100 g, store at RT; FW = 270.1) | :::'''S: Succinate''' (Succinate disodium salt, hexahydrate, C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>4</sub>0<sub>4</sub>Na<sub>2</sub> * (H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>; Sigma S 2378, 100 g, store at RT; FW = 270.1) | ||
:::: '''Preparation of 1 M stock solution:''' | :::: '''Preparation of 1 M stock solution:''' | ||
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::::# Divide into 0.5 mL portions; | ::::# Divide into 0.5 mL portions; | ||
::::# Store frozen at -20 °C. | ::::# Store frozen at -20 °C. | ||
:::» '''O2k manual titrations''' [[MiPNet09.12 O2k-Titrations]] | :::» '''O2k manual titrations''' [[MiPNet09.12 O2k-Titrations]] | ||
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::::* Titration volume ('''2-mL O2k-chamber'''): 20 µL using a 50 µL Hamilton syringe. | ::::* Titration volume ('''2-mL O2k-chamber'''): 20 µL using a 50 µL Hamilton syringe. | ||
::::* Titration volume ('''0.5-mL O2k-chamber'''): 5 µL using a 25 µL Hamilton syringe | ::::* Titration volume ('''0.5-mL O2k-chamber'''): 5 µL using a 25 µL Hamilton syringe | ||
::::* Final concentration: 10 mM. Note: The concentration of succinate may be increased up to 50 mM after [[rotenone]] to compensate for the inhibitory effect of [[malate]]. | ::::* Final concentration: 10 mM. Note: The concentration of succinate may be increased up to 50 mM after [[rotenone]] to compensate for the inhibitory effect of [[malate]]. | ||
== [[SUITbrowser]] question: Succinate pathway == | == [[SUITbrowser]] question: Succinate pathway == | ||
Revision as of 10:52, 9 November 2020
- high-resolution terminology - matching measurements at high-resolution
Succinate
Description
Succinic acid, C4H6O4, (butanedioic acid) is a dicarboxylic acid which occurs under physiological conditions as the anion succinate2-, S, with pKa1 = 4.2 and pKa2 = 5.6. Succinate is formed in the TCA cycle, and is a substrate of CII, reacting to fumarate and feeding electrons into the Q-junction. Succinate (CII-linked) and NADH (CI-linked) provide convergent electron entries into the Q-junction. Succinate is transported across the inner mt-membrane by the dicarboxylate carrier. The plasma membrane of many cell types is impermeable for succinate (but see Zhunussova 2015 Am J Cancer Res for an exception). Incubation of mt-preparations by succinate alone may lead to accumulation of oxaloacetate, which is a potent inhibitor of Complex II (compare Succinate and rotenone). High activities of mt-Malic enzyme (mtME) prevent accumulation of oxaloacetate.
Abbreviation: S
Reference: Gnaiger 2019 MitoPathways, Tretter 2016 Biochim Biophys Acta
Application in HRR
- S: Succinate (Succinate disodium salt, hexahydrate, C4H404Na2 * (H2O)6; Sigma S 2378, 100 g, store at RT; FW = 270.1)
- Preparation of 1 M stock solution:
- Weight 1.3505 g of succinate and dissolve in 3 mL H2O;
- Check pH and adjust to 7.0 if necessary with 1 M HCl (about 65 µL will be needed);
- Transfer to 5 mL volumetric glass flask and adjust the final volume to 5 mL;
- Divide into 0.5 mL portions;
- Store frozen at -20 °C.
- » O2k manual titrations MiPNet09.12 O2k-Titrations
- In the absence of CI-linked substrates, add the CI-inhibitor rotenone before addition of succinate, to avoid accumulation of oxaloacetate with subsequent inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase. See: Succinate and rotenone.
- When keeping the succinate stock solution on ice, check for complete solubilization of succinate and warm the stock solution in your hands if necessary.
- Titration volume (2-mL O2k-chamber): 20 µL using a 50 µL Hamilton syringe.
- Titration volume (0.5-mL O2k-chamber): 5 µL using a 25 µL Hamilton syringe
- Final concentration: 10 mM. Note: The concentration of succinate may be increased up to 50 mM after rotenone to compensate for the inhibitory effect of malate.
SUITbrowser question: Succinate pathway
- The SUITbrowser can be used to find the best SUIT protocols to analyze the succinate pathway, among other research questions.
MitoPedia topics:
Substrate and metabolite
