Difference between revisions of "Proline"

Latest revision as of 09:44, 11 September 2020

high-resolution terminology - matching measurements at high-resolution

Proline

Description

Proline (Pro), C₅H₉NO₂, is an amino acid which occurs under physiological conditions mainly in the nonpolar form, with pK_a1 = 1.99 pK_a2 = 10.96. Proline is an anaplerotic substrate that supports both the proline pathway control state and the glutamate-anaplerotic pathway control state. Proline is used as a single substrate or in combination with carbohydrate-derived metabolites in mitochondria particularly of flight muscle of many (but not all) insects. Proline is oxidized to delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate by the mtIM L-proline:quinone oxidoreductase (proline dehydrogenase, ProDH), with reduction of FAD to FADH₂ and direct entry into the Q-junction. delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate is converted to glutamate by 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase.

Abbreviation: Pro

Reference: PubChem, Teulier 2016 Proc Biol Sci, Soares 2015 PLoS One

Communicated by Garcia-Souza LF and Gnaiger E 2019-04-29

Application in HRR

Preparation of 2 M stock solution (dissolved in H₂O; M.W. = 115.13)

Weigh 1.1513 g L-proline and transfer to a 5 mL volumetric glass flask.
Add to 5 mL of H₂O and divide into 0.5 mL portions.
Store at -20 °C.

» O2k manual titrations MiPNet09.12 O2k-Titrations

Titration volume: 10 µL using a 25 µl syringe (2 mL O2k-Chamber).
Final concentration: 10 mM.

References

Teulier L, Weber JM, Crevier J, Darveau CA (2016) Proline as a fuel for insect flight: enhancing carbohydrate oxidation in hymenopterans. Proc Biol Sci 283: 20160333. - »Bioblast link«

MitoPedia topics: Substrate and metabolite

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 |abbr=Pro
 |description=[[File:Proline.png|left|100px|Proline]]
-'''Proline''', C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>9</sub>NO<sub>2</sub>, is an amino acid which occurs under physiological conditions mainly as the nonpolar form, '''Pro''', with ''p''K<sub>a1</sub> = 1.99 ''p''K<sub>a2</sub> = 10.96.
+'''Proline''' (Pro), C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>9</sub>NO<sub>2</sub>, is an amino acid which occurs under physiological conditions mainly in the nonpolar form, with ''p''K<sub>a1</sub> = 1.99 ''p''K<sub>a2</sub> = 10.96.
-Proline is a substrate that supports both [[proline dehydrogenase pathway control state]] and the [[glutamate anaplerotic pathway control state]]. Proline is oxidized in the mitochondrial matrix by L-proline:quinone oxidoreductase ([[proline dehydrogenase]], PDH) to delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate. delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate is converted to [[glutamate]] by 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase.
+Proline is an [[anaplerotic]] substrate that supports both the proline pathway control state and the [[glutamate-anaplerotic pathway control state]]. Proline is used as a single substrate or in combination with carbohydrate-derived metabolites in mitochondria particularly of flight muscle of many (but not all) insects. Proline is oxidized to delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate by the [[mtIM]] L-proline:quinone oxidoreductase ([[proline dehydrogenase]], ProDH), with reduction of FAD to FADH<sub>2</sub> and direct entry into the [[Q-junction]]. delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate is converted to [[glutamate]] by 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase.
-|info=[https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/614#section=InChI-Key]
+|info=[https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/614#section=InChI-Key PubChem],
-[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12804719]
+[[Teulier 2016 Proc Biol Sci]],
-}}
+[[Soares 2015 PLoS One]]
-{{MitoPedia concepts}}
-{{MitoPedia methods}}
-{{MitoPedia O2k and high-resolution respirometry}}
-{{MitoPedia topics
-|mitopedia topic=Substrate and metabolite
 }}
+__TOC__
+ Communicated by [[Garcia-Souza LF]] and [[Gnaiger E]] 2019-04-29
 == Application in [[HRR]] ==
 :::: '''Preparation of 2 M stock solution''' (dissolved in H<sub>2</sub>O; M.W. = 115.13)
-::::# Weigh 1.1513 g L-Proline and transfer to a 5 mL volumetric glass flask.
+::::# Weigh 1.1513 g L-proline and transfer to a 5 mL volumetric glass flask.
 ::::# Add to 5 mL of H<sub>2</sub>O and divide into 0.5 mL portions.
 ::::# Store at -20 °C.
+:::» '''O2k manual titrations''' [[MiPNet09.12 O2k-Titrations]]
-:::» [[MitoPedia: SUIT]]
+::::* Titration volume: 10 µL using a 25 µl syringe (2 mL O2k-Chamber).
+::::* Final concentration: 10 mM.
-:::» '''O2k manual titrations'''
-::::* Titration volume: 10 µL using a 25 µl syringe (2 mL O2k-Chamber).
+== References ==
-::::* Final concentration: 10 mM.
+:::# Teulier L, Weber JM, Crevier J, Darveau CA (2016) Proline as a fuel for insect flight: enhancing carbohydrate oxidation in hymenopterans. Proc Biol Sci 283: 20160333. - [[Teulier 2016 Proc Biol Sci |»Bioblast link«]]
+{{MitoPedia concepts}}
+{{MitoPedia methods}}
+{{MitoPedia O2k and high-resolution respirometry}}
+{{MitoPedia topics
+|mitopedia topic=Substrate and metabolite
+}}