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| Term | Abbreviation | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Hydroxycinnamate | Hci | Hydroxycinnamate (alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid) is an inhibitor of the pyruvate carrier (0.65 mM). Above 10 mM pyruvate, hydroxycinnamate cannot inhibit respiration from pyruvate, since the weak pyruvic acid can pass the inner mt-membrane in non-dissociated form. |
| Hydroxylamine | Hydroxylamine is an inhibitor of catalase. | |
| Hyperoxia | hyperox | Hyperoxia is defined as environmental oxygen pressure above the normoxic reference level. Cellular and intracellular hyperoxia is imposed on isolated cells and isolated mitochondria at air-level oxygen pressures which are higher compared to cellular and intracellular oxygen pressures under tissue conditions in vivo. Hyperoxic conditions may impose oxidative stress and may increase maximum aerobic performance. |
| Hyperthermia | Hyperthermia in endotherms is a state of stressful up to lethal elevated body core temperature. In humans, the limit of hyperthermia (fever) is considered as >38.3 °C, compared to normothermia at a body temperature of 36.5 to 37.5 °C. | |
| Hyphenation | Hyphenation is used to connect two words (compound words) or two parts of a word to clarify the meaning of a sentence. The same two words may be hyphenated or not depending on context. Hyphenation may present a problem when searching for a term such as 'Steady state'. It is helpful to write 'steady-state measurement', to clarify that the measurement is performed at steady state, rather than implying that a state measurement is steady. But this does not imply that hyphenation is applied to the 'measurement performed at steady state'. Thus, the key word is 'steady state'. Compound adjectives should be hyphenated (steady-state measurement), but if the compound adjective follows the term (measurement at steady state), hyphenation does not add any information and should be avoided. Find more examples and guidelines in the grammarly blog on Hyphen and in apastyle.apa.org. | |
| Hypothermia | Hypothermia in endotherms is a state of stressful up to lethal low body core temperature. In humans, the limit of hypothermia is considered as 35 °C, compared to normothermia at a body temperature of 36.5 to 37.5 °C. Hypothermia is classified as mild (32–35 °C), moderate (28–32 °C), severe (20–28 °C), and profound (<20 °C). | |
| Hypoxia | hypox | Hypoxia (hypox) is defined in respiratory physiology as the state when insufficient O2 is available for respiration, compared to environmental hypoxia defined as environmental oxygen pressures below the normoxic reference level. Three major categories of hypoxia are (1) environmental hypoxia, (2) physiological tissue hypoxia in hyperactivated states (e.g. at VO2max) with intracellular oxygen demand/supply balance at steady state in tissues at environmental normoxia, compared to tissue normoxia in physiologically balanced states, and (3) pathological tissue hypoxia including ischemia and stroke, anaemia, chronic heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, severe COVID-19, and obstructive sleep apnea. Pathological hypoxia leads to tissue hypoxia and heterogenous intracellular anoxia. Clinical oxygen treatment ('environmental hyperoxia') may not or only partially overcome pathological tissue hypoxia. |
| IRDiRC | IRDiRC |  The International Rare Diseases Research Consortium (IRDiRC) teams up researchers and organizations investing in rare diseases research in order to achieve two main objectives by the year 2020, namely to deliver 200 new therapies for rare diseases and means to diagnose most rare diseases. |
| ISE Package 1 TPP or Ca |  O2k-TPP+ and Ca2+ ISE\1 Chamber: ISE-Package for 1 TPP+ and Ca2+ electrode. | |
| ISE-Ca2+ Membranes |  ISE-Ca2+ Membranes: PVC, 4 mm diameter, box of 5 membranes. To be used with the O2k-TPP+ ISE-Module. | |
| ISE-Compressible Tube |  ISE-Compressible Tube for Ion-Selective Electrode TPP+ and Ca2+. | |
| ISE-Filling Syringe |  ISE-Filling Syringe with needle for Ion-Selective Electrode TPP+ and Ca2+. | |
| ISE-Inner Glass Electrode |  ISE-Inner Glass Electrode of ISE, with Ag/AgCl- and Pt-wire | |
| ISE-Membrane Mounting Tool |  ISE-Membrane Mounting Tool for Ion-Selective Electrode TPP+ and Ca2+. O2k-TPP+ ISE-Module: mounting tool included. | |
| ISE-Membrane Seal |  ISE-Membrane Seal for Ion-Selective Electrode TPP+ and Ca2+. | |
| ISE-TPP+ Membranes |  ISE-TPP+ Membranes, PVC, 4 mm diameter, box of 5 membranes. | |
| ISO 10012:2003 Measurement management systems | ISO 10012:2003 | ISO 10012:2003 Measurement management systems — Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment: An effective measurement management system ensures that measuring equipment and measurement processes are fit for their intended use and is important in achieving product quality objectives and managing the risk of incorrect measurement results. The objective of a measurement management system is to manage the risk that measuring equipment and measurement processes could produce incorrect results affecting the quality of an organization’s product. The methods used for the measurement management system range from basic equipment verification to the application of statistical techniques in the measurement process control. |
| ISO 13528:2015 Statistical methods for use in proficiency testing by interlaboratory comparison | ISO 13528:2015 | ISO 13528:2015 Statistical methods for use in proficiency testing by interlaboratory comparison: Proficiency testing involves the use of interlaboratory comparisons to determine the performance of participants (which may be laboratories, inspection bodies, or individuals) for specific tests or measurements, and to monitor their continuing performance. There are a number of typical purposes of proficiency testing ISO/IEC 17043:2010. These include the evaluation of laboratory performance, the identification of problems in laboratories, establishing effectiveness and comparability of test or measurement methods, the provision of additional confidence to laboratory customers, validation of uncertainty claims, and the education of participating laboratories. The statistical design and analytical techniques applied must be appropriate for the stated purpose(s). |
| ISO 15189:2012 Medical laboratories — Particular requirements for quality and competence | ISO 15189:2012 | ISO 15189:2012 Medical laboratories — Particular requirements for quality and competence: This International Standard is for use by medical laboratories in developing their quality management systems and assessing their own competence, and for use by accreditation bodies in confirming or recognising the competence of medical laboratories. While this International Standard is intended for use throughout the currently recognised disciplines of medical laboratory services, those working in other services and disciplines could also find it useful and appropriate. |
| ISO 17511:2003 In vitro diagnostic medical devices | ISO 17511:2003 | ISO 17511:2003 In vitro diagnostic medical devices -- Measurement of quantities in biological samples -- Metrological traceability of values assigned to calibrators and control materials: For measurements of quantities in laboratory medicine, it is essential that the quantity is adequately defined and that the results reported to the physicians or other health care personel and patients are adequately accurate (true and precise) to allow correct medical interpretation and comparability over time and space. |
| ISO 9001:2015 Quality management systems - requirements | ISO 9001:2015 | ISO 9001:2015 Quality management systems - requirements: The adoption of a quality management system is a strategic decision for an organization that can help to improve its overall performance and provide a sound basis for sustainable development initiatives. Consistently meeting requirements and addressing future needs and expectations poses a challenge for organizations in an increasingly dynamic and complex environment. To achieve this objective, the organization might find it necessary to adopt various forms of improvement in addition to correction and continual improvement, such as breakthrough change, innovation and re-organization. |
| ISO/IEC 17025:2005 Competence of testing and calibration laboratories | ISO/IEC 17025:2005 | ISO/IEC 17025:2005 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories: The use of this International Standard will facilitate cooperation between laboratories and other bodies, and assist in the exchange of information and experience, and in the harmonization of standards and procedures. This International Standard specifies the general requirements for the competence to carry out tests and/or calibrations, including sampling. It covers testing and calibration performed using standard methods, non-standard methods, and laboratory-developed methods. |
| ISO/IEC 17043:2010 General requirements for proficiency testing | ISO/IEC 17043:2010 | ISO/IEC 17043:2010 Conformity assessment — General requirements for proficiency testing: The use of interlaboratory comparisons is increasing internationally. This International Standard provides a consistent basis to determine the competence of organizations that provide proficiency testing. |
| ISS-Filter and Tubing |  ISS-Filter and Tubing, ISS-Integrated Suction System. | |
| ISS-Integrated Suction System |  ISS-Integrated Suction System: Suction pump with stainless steel housing, 2 liter waste bottle, filter and tubing; for siphoning off excess medium from the O2k-Stopper and for emptying the O2k-chambers. The ISS is included as a standard component of the O2k-FluoRespirometer. Media containing living cells or microorganisms, various poisons (inhibitors, uncouplers) and mixtures of proteins and substrates are safely disposed off in the 2-litre waste bottle. | |
| ISS-Lid |  ISS-Lid, for ISS-Waste Bottle, component of the ISS-Integrated Suction System. | |
| ISS-Steel Housing |  ISS-Steel Housing, a component of the ISS-Integrated Suction System. | |
| ISS-Waste Bottle |  ISS-Waste Bottle, 2-liter, component of the ISS-Integrated Suction System. | |
| Iconic symbols | Iconic symbols are used in ergodynamics to indicate more explicitely — compared to standard SI or IUPAC symbols — the quantity represented and some boundary conditions. This is particularly the case in normalized quantities (ratios of quantities). Iconic (or canonical) symbols help to clarify the meaning, are based on SI and IUPAC symbols as far as possible, and may be translated into more commonly used, practical symbols. Several ambiguities in SI and IUPAC symbols are eliminated by the systematic structure of iconic symbols, but it may be impossible to avoid all ambiguities, particulary when long (canonical) symbols are abbreviated in a particular context. Clarity is improved always by showing the unit of a quantity together with the symbol of the quantity. Iconic symbols cannot be identical with IUPAC symbols when a different definition is used — this would add to the confusion. For example, the IUPAC symbols nB [mol] and VB [m3] denote amount and volume of B. Consequently, it should be expected, that the symbol QB indicates charge of B [C]. However, the IUPAC symbol QB is used for particle charge per ion B [C·x-1]. This prohibits a consistent definition of QB as a potential iconic symbol for charge carried by a given quantity of ions B with unit [C], instead of particle charge per ion B with unit [C·x-1]. Hence, the conventional ambigous system forces compatible iconic symbols to be more complicated, using QelB [C] and QNB [C·x-1] to distinguish charge of B from charge per elementary B. QnB [C·mol-1] is charge per molar amount of B. | |
| Illumination | F10 | The chambers of the Oroboros O2k are illuminated by an internal LED. The illumination is switched on and off in DatLab during the experiment by pressing [F10]. This illumination must be distinguished from light introduced into the chambers by LEDs for the purpose of spectrophotometric and fluorometric measurements. For these, the internal illumination must be switched off. |
| Illumination on/off | F10 | The illumination in both chambers is switched on/off. |
| Impact factor | IF | Impact factor is a measure of a scientific journal's citations per publication. The Journal Citation Reports, maintained by Clarivate Analytics, provides the calculated impact factors. The IF is frequently used as an indicator of a journal's importance or prestige, which is nowadays increasingly contested. |
| Improvement score | RIS | The relative improvement score, RIS, provides a measure of improvement of a trait from a value measured at baseline, B, to a value measured after treatment, T, expressing the total improvement, T-B, in relation to the theoretical scope of improvement and the level of the trait observed at baseline. 'RIS incorporates the concept of diminishing returns and consideres maintaining a high value of a trait as an improvement relative to the potential loss. |
| In vitro diagnostic medical device | IVD | A medical device is an in vitro diagnostic medical device (IVD) if it is a reagent, calibrator, control material, kit, specimen receptacle, software, instrument, apparatus, equipment or system, whether used alone or in combination with other diagnostic goods for in vitro use. |
| Incident light | The term incident light is used for a beam of light falling upon a surface. | |
| Inclusion criteria | The Inclusion criteria are based on key features of the target population that the researchers will use to answer their question. These criteria should identify the study population in a consistent, reliable, uniform, and objective manner. With the Exclusion criteria, this factor must be a cofounder for the outcome parameter | |
| Indian Academy of Pediatrics Growth Charts Committee 2015 Indian Pediatr | ||
| Inorganic phosphate | Pi | Inorgnic phosphate (Pi) is a salt of phosphoric acid. In solution near physiological pH, the species HPO42- and H2PO4- dominate. See also: Phosphate carrier (Pic). |
| Inside the O2k | A glance inside the Oroboros O2k | |
| Install Oroboros protocol package | The standard Instrumental and SUIT DL-Protocols package is automatically implemented with the simple DatLab programme installation. We recommend a 'clean install': rename your previous DatLab programme subdirectory (e.g. C:\DatLab_OLD). Updates and newly developed DL protocols can be simply downloaded by clicking on [Protocols]\Install Oroboros protocol package. | |
| Instrumental: Browse DL-Protocols and templates | Instrumental DL-Protocols (DLP) including DatLab example traces, instructions, brief explanatory texts, links to relevant pages and templates for data evaluation can be browsed from inside DatLab 7.4. Click on menu [Protocols]\Instrumental: Browse DL-Protocols and templates to open a folder with all the DL-Protocols and templates for cleaning, calibration, and background determination provided with the DatLab 7.4. Select a sub-directory and open an DL-Protocol and/or template as desired. | |
| Integration time | Integration time is the time taken to scan a single full range spectrum using photodiode arrays. It is equivalent to the exposure time for a camera. The shortest integration time defines the fastest response time of a spectrophotometer. Increasing the integration time increases the sensitivity of the device. The white balance or balance and subsequent measurements must always be carried out at the same integration time. | |
| Intensive quantity | Intensive quantities are partial derivatives of an extensive quantity by the advancement, dtrξX, of an energy transformation tr; example: Force. In contrast to extensive quantities which pertain to the entire system and are additive, extensive quantities 'take well defined values at each point of the system' (Prigogine 1967 Interscience) and are non-additive. Intensive and extensive quantities can be easily discriminated by the units, e.g. [J] for the extensive quantity, in contrast to [J·mol-1] for the corresponding intensive quantity. In the general definition of thermodynamics, intensive quantities are not distinguished from specific quantities (Cohen 2008 IUPAC Green Book). Ergodynamics emphasizes the contrast between specific quantities which are extensive quantities normalized for a variable expressing system size (mass, volume of the system, amount of substance in a system) and intensive quantities which are normalized for the motive unit of a transformation (mass exchanged, volume change of the system, amount of substance reacting in a system; Gnaiger 1993 Pure Appl Chem). Intensive and specific quantities are both non-additive, take well defined values at each point of the system, and both corresponding quantities are expressed in identical units, e.g. the intensive quantity Gibbs force of a catabolic reaction (such as oxidation; 0 = -1 Glc - 6 O2 + 6 CO2 + 6 H2O), ΔkGGlc [kJ·mol-1], and the specific quantity Gibbs energy per mole glucose contained in a system, GGlc [kJ·mol-1] (with respect to an arbitrarily defined reference state, such as the reference state of formation or combustion). | |
| Interlaboratory comparison | An interlaboratory comparison is the organization, performance and evaluation of measurements or tests on the same or similar items by two or more laboratories in accordance with predetermined conditions. | |
| Internal flow | Ii [MU·s-1] | Within the system boundaries, irreversible internal flows, Ii,—including chemical reactions and the dissipation of internal gradients of heat and matter—contribute to internal entropy production, diS/dt. In contrast, external flows, Ie, of heat, work, and matter proceed reversibly across the system boundaries (of zero thickness). Flows are expressed in various formats per unit of time, with corresponding motive units [MU], such as chemical [mol], electrical [C], mass [kg]. Flow is an extensive quantity, in contrast to flux as a specific quantity. |
| Internal-energy | U [J] | Internal-energy, U [J], can neither be destroyed nor created (first law of thermodynamics: diU/dt = 0). Note that internal (subscript i), as opposed to external (subscript e), must be distinguished from "internal-energy", U, which contrasts with "Helmholtz energy", A, as enthalpy, H, contrasts with Gibbs energy, G. |
| International Mito Patients (IMP) | IMP |  The International Mito Patients is a network of national patient organizations involved in mitochondrial disease. Mitochondrial disease is a rare disease with a limited number of patients per country. The national patient organizations which are a member of IMP each are active and powerful in their own countries. By joining forces IMP can represent a large group of patients and as such be their voice on an international level. |
| International Society for Mountain Medicine | ISMM |  The International Society for Mountain Medicine is an interdisciplinary society comprising about xx members worldwide. Its purpose is .. |
| International Society on Oxygen Transport to Tissue | ISOTT |  The International Society on Oxygen Transport to Tissue is an interdisciplinary society comprising about 250 members worldwide. Its purpose is to further the understanding of all aspects of the processes involved in the transport of oxygen from the air to its ultimate consumption in the cells of the various organs of the body. Founded in 1973, the society has been the leading platform for the presentation of many of the technological and conceptual developments within the field both at the meetings themselves and in the proceedings of the society. |
| International Standard Serial Number | ISSN | The International Standard Serial Number, ISSN, is a code used to identify periodical publications, independent of which media are used (print and/or electronic). - Bioenergetics Communications, BEC: ISSN 2791-4690 |
