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O2k-Chamber Holder (blue POM) for PVDF or PEEK stoppers (2-mL O2k-chamber), with O-ring\Viton\18x2 mm and V-ring\30-35-4.5 mm. Two units of this item are standard components mounted on the O2k-Main Unit.

O2k-Chamber sV: 12 mm inner diameter, Duran® glass polished, with standard operation volume V of 0.5 mL.

The O2k-Fluo Smart-Module is an amperometric add-on module to the O2k-Respirometer, adding a new dimension to high-resolution respirometry. Optical sensors are inserted through the front window of the O2k-glass chambers, for measurement of hydrogen peroxide production (Amplex® UltraRed), ATP production (Magnesium Green™), mt-membrane potential (Safranin, TMRM), Ca²⁺ (Calcium Green™), and numerous other applications open for O2k-user innovation.

» MiPNet28.09 O2k-Fluo Smart-Module manual

O2k-Fluorometer Series G - Former Series (up to 2017-July) - the experimental system complete for high-resolution respirometry (HRR) combined with fluorometry. The O2k-Fluorometer includes the O2k-Core, O2k-Fluo LED2-Module and TIP2k, and supports all other add-on O2k-Modules of the Oroboros O2k.

The O2k is a sole source apparatus with no other instruments meeting its test experiments on O2k-Specifications.

The O2k-Main Basic is an integral element of the O2k-Main Unit. The Oroboros O2k Main Basic has the following components:

• Stainless-Steel Housing
• Switching power supply
• Microprocessor for integrated control, A/D converters and data handling
• Copper-Block with windows to 2 O2k-Chambers
• 2 Amperometric OroboPOS Plugs
• TIP2k socket, providing the basis for add-on of the TIP2k
• 2 Potentiometric Plugs for ion sensitive electrodes (ISE: TPP+, Ca2+; pH), providing the basis for add-on of the O2k-MultiSensor Modules
• 2 Amperometric Plugs, providing the basis for add-on of the O2k-Fluo LED2-Module or NO (H₂S) sensors.
• USB-Port for connection with DatLab (PC or laptop not included)

O2k-Main Power Cable\120 V\US-CA, USA and Canada (120 V).

O2k-Main Power Cable\230 V\Europe.

O2k-Network Reference Laboratories build a WorldWide network on high-resolution respirometry and mitochondrial physiology, the Oroboros O2k-Network.

O2k-TPP⁺ ISE-Module: Potentiometric ion-selective electrodes for measurement of mitochondrial membrane potential

The O2k-USB Flash Drive is a component of the Oroboros O2k containing: DatLab, O2k-Manual, O2k-Protocols, O2k-Publications, and info on O2k-Workshops.

O2k-Window Frame: blue POM, with thread for fixation on the O2k-Main Unit, to be removed only for rare cleaning purposes and for front fixation of the Fluorescence-Control Unit, using the O2k-Window Tool.

O2k-Chamber: Duran® glass polished, with standard operation volumes (V) of 2.0 mL or 0.5 mL (small chamber volume in the O2k-sV-Module, 12 mm inner diameter). The optical properties of Duran® allow application of fluorometric sensors (Duran® optical properties).

The O2k-sV-Module is the O2k small-volume module, comprised of two Duran® glass chambers of 12 mm inner diameter specifically developed to perform high-resolution respirometry with reduced amounts of biological sample, and all the components necessary for a smaller operation volume V of 0.5 mL. The current DatLab version is included in the delivery of this revolutionary module.

OctGM: Octanoylcarnitine & Glutamate & Malate.

MitoPathway control state: FN

SUIT protocols: SUIT-015, SUIT-016, SUIT-017

OctM: Octanoylcarnitine & Malate.

MitoPathway control state: F

SUIT protocols: SUIT-002, SUIT-015, SUIT-016, SUIT-017

Respiratory stimulation of the FAO-pathway, F, by fatty acid FA in the presence of malate M. Malate is a type N substrate (N), required for the F-pathway. In the presence of anaplerotic pathways (e.g., mitochondrial malic enzyme, mtME) the F-pathway capacity is overestimated, if there is an added contribution of NADH-linked respiration, F(N) (see SUIT-002). The FA concentration has to be optimized to saturate the FAO-pathway, without inhibiting or uncoupling respiration. Low concentration of malate, typically 0.1 mM, does not saturate the N-pathway; but saturates the F-pathway. High concentration of malate, typically 2 mM, saturates the N-pathway.

OctPGMS: Octanoylcarnitine & Pyruvate & Glutamate & Malate & Succinate.

MitoPathway control state: FNS

SUIT protocol: SUIT-001, SUIT-002, SUIT-015

This substrate combination supports convergent electron flow to the Q-junction.

OctPM: Octanoylcarnitine & Pyruvate & Malate.

MitoPathway control state: FN

SUIT protocol: SUIT-002, SUIT-005

This substrate combination supports N-linked flux which is typically higher than FAO capacity (F/FN<0 in the OXPHOS state). In SUIT-RP1, PMOct is induced after PM(E), to evaluate any additive effect of adding Oct. In SUIT-RP2, FAO OXPHOS capacity is measured first, testing for the effect of increasing malate concentration (compare malate-anaplerotic pathway control state, M alone), and pyruvate is added to compare FAO as the background state with FN as the reference state.

Open Access (OA) academic articles comprise all different forms of published research that are distributed online, free of charge and with an open license to facilitate the distribution and reuse. The open access repositories serve as the perfect vehicle to transmit free knowledge, including but not limited to peer-reviewed and non-peer-reviewed academic journal articles, conference papers, theses, book chapters and monographs. Driven by the problems of social inequality caused by restricting access to academic research, the Open Access movement changes the funding system of published literature allowing for more readers and thus increased access to scientific knowledge, as well as addressing the economic challenges and unsustainability of academic publishing. In addition to being free to read (gratis), open access articles may also be free to use (libre) where the copyright is held by the authors and not the publisher.

Definition by the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ): "We define these as journals where the copyright holder of a scholarly work grants usage rights to others using an open license (Creative Commons or equivalent) allowing for immediate free access to the work and permitting any user to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose."

The OroboPOS is a polarographic oxygen sensor (POS), with an amperometric mode of operation. The OroboPOS meets the highest quality criteria in terms of linearity, stability and sensitivity of the signal. The Clark type polarographic oxygen sensor (POS) remains the gold standard for measuring dissolved oxygen in biomedical, environmental and industrial applications over a wide dynamic oxygen range.

It consists of a gold cathode, a silver/silverchloride anode and a KCl electrolyte reservoir separated from the sample by a 25 µm membrane (FEP). The main body of the OroboPOS is made of PEEK. With application of a polarization voltage (0.8 V), a current is obtained as an amperometric signal, which is converted to a voltage.

Oroboros O2k-Core - Former Series (O2k-Series D - G) - the experimental system complete for basic high-resolution respirometry (HRR). The O2k-Core includes the O2k-Main Unit with stainless steel housing, O2k-Assembly Kit, two OroboPOS (polarographic oxygen sensors) and OroboPOS-Service Kit, DatLab software, the ISS-Integrated Suction System and the O2k-Titration Set. The O2k-Core supports all add-on O2k-Modules of the O2k.

On-line display of oxygen flux (rate of respiration) is provided in addition to the conventional 'oxygraphic' plot of oxygen concentration over time. Highest signal stability minimizes the required amounts of biological sample, and provides the basis for resolution in the extreme low-oxygen range. Peltier temperature control provides a thermal stability at ±0.002 °C in the range of 4 °C to 47 °C at typical constant room temperature. Electronically controlled PVDF or PEEK stirrers are integrated in the two-chamber design of the O2k, and a barometric pressure transducer enables automatic oxygen calibrations implemented in the DatLab software.

The O2k is a sole source apparatus with no other instruments meeting its specifications.

An outlier-skewness index OSI is defined for evaluation of the distribution of data sets with outliers including separate clusters or skewness in relation to a normal distribution with equivalence of the average and median. The OSI is derived from Pearson’s coefficient of skewness 2:

Pearson 2 coefficient = 3 · (average-median)/SD

The outlier-skewness index OSI introduces the absolute value of the arithmetic mean, m = ABS(average + median)/2, for normalization:

OSI = (average-median)/(m + SD)

OSI = (average-median)/[ABS(average+median)/2 + SD]

At the limit of a zero value of m, the OSI equals the Pearson 2 coefficient (without the multiplication factor of 3). At high m with small standard deviation (SD), the OSI is effectively the difference between the average and the median normalized for m, (average-median)/m.

Overlay of plots is defined in DatLab as selection of graph layouts showing identical plots from the two O2k-chambers in each graph. Overlay of plots is selected in Graph layout. Superimposed traces of flux/flow from chambers A and B are then shown in Graph 1, and of concentration in chambers A and B in Graph 2.

There are basically two ways to superimpose traces recorded in different experiments: Export of the graphics via windows metafile or export of the data to e.g. a spreadsheet program.

If you export via wmf you also can manipulate the graphics but then usually the lines are broken up in different segments. This can be done in various programs like MS Word, Open Office Draw and even in MSPower Point, though this maybe is the worst program to do this. It is better to manipulate them in a proper program like OO Draw, convert it to an unchangeable picture and then import it to a presentation graphics. Anyway, when you import directly to Power point (or other programs), make sure not to import it as a "picture" but as a metafile. Also in some programs you might afterwards have to "break" it up, or accept a "conversion to a MS Draw object" or other similar linguistic inventions of the software gurus. For this option we suggest to do as much as possible directly in DatLab (setting colors, line widths, ..) using the options in "Plots"/"select plots" and "graph"/"options".

The “hardcore“ option is to export the data and import it into e.g. a spreadsheet program (MS Excel , OOCalc). It takes longer to have a simple overlay but gives you far less problems later and its easier to make changes later. To do this you can export your dataset "Export"/"Data to Textfile" and then go from there.

2-Oxoglutaric acid or alpha-ketoglutaric acid, C₅H₆O₅, occurs under physiological conditions as the anion 2-Oxoglutarate^2-, Og. 2-Oxoglutarate (alpha-ketoglutarate) is formed from isocitrate as a product of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) in the TCA cycle, and is a substrate of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OgDH). The 2-oxoglutarate carrier exchanges malate^2- for 2-oxoglutarate^2- as part of the malate-aspartate shuttle. In the cytosol, oxoglutarate+aspartate are transaminated to form oxaloacetate+glutamate. Cytosolic malate dehydrogenase converts oxaloacetate+NADH to malate.

The PB-Module has been developed for conducting measurements of PhotoBiology, including photosynthesis. It consists of the PB Light Source and electronic components which are an integral part of the NextGen-O2k. Measurements are recorded and evaluated with the DatLab 8 software.

PBI-Shredder SG3 for tissue homogenate preparation, heavy duty high torque SG3 driver with convertible handle, SG3 base with 3 position force setting lever (FSL), battery charger and two lithium ion batteries. The PBI-Shredder SG3 is included in the PBI-Shredder O2k-Set. Select 230 V or 120 V.

Oroboros Instruments: world-wide distributor.